Exodus 19:7

Posted on March 10, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 19:7 Venit Moyses: et convocatis maioribus natu populi, exposuit omnes sermones quos mandaverat Dominus.

Moyses came, and when the elders of the people had been called together, he set forth all the words that the LORD had commanded.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Venit came 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
2 Moyses Moses NOUN.NOM.SG.M
3 et and CONJ
4 convocatis having been called together PTCP.PERF.PASS.ABL.PL.M
5 maioribus elders ADJ.ABL.PL.M (used substantively)
6 natu by birth / in age NOUN.ABL.SG.M
7 populi of the people NOUN.GEN.SG.M
8 exposuit set forth 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
9 omnes all ADJ.ACC.PL.M/F/N
10 sermones words NOUN.ACC.PL.M
11 quos which PRON.REL.ACC.PL.M
12 mandaverat had commanded 3SG.PLUP.ACT.IND
13 Dominus LORD NOUN.NOM.SG.M

Syntax

Main Clause:
Venit Moyses — simple narrative perfect.

Temporal/Circumstantial Ablative Absolute:
convocatis maioribus natu populi — “when the elders of the people had been called together,” ablative absolute formed with perfect passive participle.

Main Action:
exposuit omnes sermones — Moses sets forth the LORD’s words.

Relative Clause of Content:
quos mandaverat Dominus — LORD as subject, pluperfect marking prior command.

Morphology

  1. Venit — Lemma: venio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: perfect active indicative 3rd singular; Function: main verb; Translation: came; Notes: narrative perfect.
  2. Moyses — Lemma: Moyses; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject; Translation: Moses; Notes: proper name.
  3. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: joins actions; Translation: and; Notes: coordinating connector.
  4. convocatis — Lemma: convoco; Part of Speech: participle; Form: ablative plural masculine perfect passive participle; Function: ablative absolute; Translation: having been called together; Notes: introduces circumstance.
  5. maioribus — Lemma: maior; Part of Speech: adjective (comparative); Form: ablative plural masculine; Function: substantive in ablative absolute; Translation: elders; Notes: literally “greater ones.”
  6. natu — Lemma: natus; Part of Speech: noun (ablative of specification); Form: ablative singular masculine; Function: specification (“in age”); Translation: by birth; Notes: indicates seniority.
  7. populi — Lemma: populus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular masculine; Function: possessive; Translation: of the people; Notes: identifies the elders’ group.
  8. exposuit — Lemma: expono; Part of Speech: verb; Form: perfect active indicative 3rd singular; Function: main verb; Translation: set forth; Notes: completed presentation.
  9. omnes — Lemma: omnis; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: accusative plural; Function: modifies sermones; Translation: all; Notes: totality.
  10. sermones — Lemma: sermo; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural masculine; Function: direct object; Translation: words; Notes: refers to divine communication.
  11. quos — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: accusative plural masculine; Function: introduces relative clause modifying sermones; Translation: which; Notes: object of mandaverat.
  12. mandaverat — Lemma: mando; Part of Speech: verb; Form: pluperfect active indicative 3rd singular; Function: verb of relative clause; Translation: had commanded; Notes: indicates prior divine instruction.
  13. Dominus — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject of mandaverat; Translation: LORD; Notes: YHWH as speaker.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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