Exodus 26:9

Posted on March 17, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 26:9 E quibus quinque iunges seorsum, et sex sibi mutuo copulabis, ita ut sextum sagum in fronte tecti duplices.

Of these you shall join five separately, and six you shall fasten to one another, in such a way that you double the sixth covering at the front of the roof.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 E from PREP+ABL
2 quibus which/of which ABL.PL.M/F/N, PRON.REL
3 quinque five INVAR, NUM.ADJ
4 iunges you shall join 2SG.FUT.ACT.IND, 3RD CONJ
5 seorsum separately ADV, INDECL
6 et and CONJ, INDECL
7 sex six INVAR, NUM.ADJ
8 sibi to one another DAT.PL.C, PRON.REFL
9 mutuo mutually ADV, INDECL
10 copulabis you shall fasten 2SG.FUT.ACT.IND, 1ST CONJ
11 ita thus ADV, INDECL
12 ut so that CONJ, INDECL
13 sextum the sixth ACC.SG.N, ADJ/PRON
14 sagum covering ACC.SG.N, NOUN, 2ND DECL
15 in at/on PREP+ABL
16 fronte front ABL.SG.F, NOUN, 3RD DECL
17 tecti of the roof GEN.SG.N, NOUN, 2ND DECL
18 duplices you may double 2SG.PRES.ACT.SUBJ, 3RD CONJ

Syntax

Main clause 1:
E quibus quinque — “from which five” (partitive)
Verb: iunges
Adverb: seorsum — separately

Main clause 2 (coordinated):
sex — subject (understood: “six [of the coverings]”)
sibi mutuo — reciprocal dative + adverb
Verb: copulabis — “you shall fasten together”

Purpose/result clause:
Introduced by ita ut
Object: sextum sagum
Prepositional phrase: in fronte tecti
Verb (subjunctive): duplices — “so that you may double”

Morphology

  1. E — Lemma: e/ex; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: indicates source; Translation: from; Notes: partitive usage.
  2. quibus — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: ablative plural; Function: object of e; Translation: which/of which; Notes: refers to the coverings previously mentioned.
  3. quinque — Lemma: quinque; Part of Speech: numeral; Form: invariable; Function: quantifier; Translation: five; Notes: modifies an implied noun “saga.”
  4. iunges — Lemma: iungo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 2nd person singular future active indicative; Function: main verb; Translation: you shall join; Notes: prescriptive future.
  5. seorsum — Lemma: seorsum; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: modifies iunges; Translation: separately; Notes: indicates separation from the other set.
  6. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: joins main clauses; Translation: and; Notes: simple coordination.
  7. sex — Lemma: sex; Part of Speech: numeral; Form: invariable; Function: subject; Translation: six; Notes: refers to six coverings.
  8. sibi — Lemma: sui; Part of Speech: reflexive pronoun; Form: dative plural; Function: reciprocal expression (“to each other”); Translation: to one another; Notes: common in joining instructions.
  9. mutuo — Lemma: mutuo; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: strengthens reciprocity; Translation: mutually; Notes: pairs with sibi.
  10. copulabis — Lemma: copulo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 2nd person singular future active indicative; Function: second main verb; Translation: you shall fasten; Notes: technical building verb.
  11. ita — Lemma: ita; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: manner adverb; Translation: thus; Notes: used with ut to form result/purpose.
  12. ut — Lemma: ut; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: introduces purpose clause; Translation: so that; Notes: governs the subjunctive.
  13. sextum — Lemma: sextus; Part of Speech: adjective/pronoun; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: modifies sagum; Translation: the sixth; Notes: refers to the extra panel.
  14. sagum — Lemma: sagum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: object of duplices; Translation: covering; Notes: the sixth is doubled forward.
  15. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: indicates location; Translation: at/on; Notes: spatial reference.
  16. fronte — Lemma: frons; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: object of in; Translation: front; Notes: architectural reference.
  17. tecti — Lemma: tectum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular neuter; Function: genitive of the whole; Translation: of the roof; Notes: specifies frontal area.
  18. duplices — Lemma: duplico; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 2nd person singular present active subjunctive; Function: verb of purpose clause; Translation: you may double; Notes: subjunctive required by ut expressing intended arrangement.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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