Exodus 40:19

Posted on March 31, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 40:19 Cumque intulisset arcam in tabernaculum, appendit ante eam velum ut expleret Domini iussionem.

And when he had brought the ark into the tabernacle, he hung the veil before it, so that he might fulfill the command of the LORD.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Cumque and when CONJ.SUBORD
2 intulisset he had brought in 3SG.PLUP.ACT.SUBJ
3 arcam ark ACC.SG.F.1ST.DECL
4 in into PREP+ACC
5 tabernaculum tabernacle ACC.SG.N.2ND.DECL
6 appendit he hung 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
7 ante before PREP+ACC
8 eam it ACC.SG.F.PRON
9 velum veil ACC.SG.N.2ND.DECL
10 ut so that CONJ.SUBORD
11 expleret he might fulfill 3SG.IMP.ACT.SUBJ
12 Domini of the LORD GEN.SG.M.2ND.DECL
13 iussionem command ACC.SG.F.3RD.DECL

Syntax

Temporal Clause:
• Cumque intulisset arcam in tabernaculum
— intulisset = pluperfect subjunctive (temporal clause)
— object: arcam
— destination: in tabernaculum

Main Clause:
• appendit velum ante eam
— verb: appendit
— object: velum
— location: ante eam (“before it” = the ark)

Purpose Clause:
• ut expleret Domini iussionem
— expleret = subjunctive of purpose
— object: iussionem
— possessor: Domini

Morphology

  1. Cumque — Lemma: cum + que; Part of Speech: subordinating conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: introduces temporal clause; Translation: and when; Notes: -que connects to preceding narrative.
  2. intulisset — Lemma: infero; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 3rd person singular pluperfect active subjunctive; Function: verb of temporal clause; Translation: he had brought in; Notes: pluperfect shows action completed before veil-hanging.
  3. arcam — Lemma: arca; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular feminine 1st declension; Function: direct object of intulisset; Translation: ark; Notes: the chest containing the testimony.
  4. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: indicates motion toward; Translation: into; Notes: expresses movement.
  5. tabernaculum — Lemma: tabernaculum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular neuter 2nd declension; Function: object of in; Translation: tabernacle; Notes: refers to the sanctuary tent.
  6. appendit — Lemma: appendo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 3rd person singular perfect active indicative; Function: main verb; Translation: he hung; Notes: describes the installation of the inner veil.
  7. ante — Lemma: ante; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: expresses spatial position; Translation: before; Notes: marks location relative to the ark.
  8. eam — Lemma: is, ea, id; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: object of ante; Translation: it; Notes: refers to arcam.
  9. velum — Lemma: velum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular neuter 2nd declension; Function: direct object of appendit; Translation: veil; Notes: the partition separating the Holy of Holies.
  10. ut — Lemma: ut; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: subordinating; Function: introduces purpose; Translation: so that; Notes: governs subjunctive verb.
  11. expleret — Lemma: explero; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 3rd person singular imperfect active subjunctive; Function: verb of purpose clause; Translation: he might fulfill; Notes: imperfect subjunctive expresses intended action.
  12. Domini — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular masculine 2nd declension; Function: possessive modifying iussionem; Translation: of the LORD; Notes: YHWH.
  13. iussionem — Lemma: iussio; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular feminine 3rd declension; Function: object of expleret; Translation: command; Notes: divine instruction to be fulfilled.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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