Exodus 40:22

Posted on March 31, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 40:22 Posuit et candelabrum in tabernaculo testimonii e regione mensæ in parte australi,

And he placed the lampstand in the tabernacle of the testimony, opposite the table, on the southern side,

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Posuit he placed 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
2 et and CONJ
3 candelabrum lampstand ACC.SG.N.2ND.DECL
4 in in PREP+ABL
5 tabernaculo tabernacle ABL.SG.N.2ND.DECL
6 testimonii of the testimony GEN.SG.N.2ND.DECL
7 e out of / opposite PREP+ABL
8 regione region / side ABL.SG.F.3RD.DECL
9 mensæ of the table GEN.SG.F.1ST.DECL
10 in in PREP+ABL
11 parte part / side ABL.SG.F.3RD.DECL
12 australi southern ABL.SG.F.ADJ.POS

Syntax

Main Clause:
• Posuit candelabrum — main action and object
• in tabernaculo testimonii — locative phrase within the sacred tent

Spatial Specification #1:
• e regione mensæ — “opposite the table”
— regione (abl.) with e forms an idiom for “facing / opposite”

Spatial Specification #2:
• in parte australi — “on the southern side”
— parte (abl.) + australi = precise geographical orientation

Morphology

  1. Posuit — Lemma: pono; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 3rd person singular perfect active indicative; Function: main verb; Translation: he placed; Notes: continues the installation sequence of sacred furnishings.
  2. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: joins clauses; Translation: and; Notes: simple connective.
  3. candelabrum — Lemma: candelabrum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular neuter 2nd declension; Function: direct object; Translation: lampstand; Notes: refers to the menorah.
  4. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: indicates location; Translation: in; Notes: marks placement inside the tent.
  5. tabernaculo — Lemma: tabernaculum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular neuter 2nd declension; Function: object of in; Translation: tabernacle; Notes: refers to the sanctuary tent.
  6. testimonii — Lemma: testimonium; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular neuter 2nd declension; Function: genitive of specification; Translation: of the testimony; Notes: identifies this as the dwelling containing the covenant.
  7. e — Lemma: e/ex; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: forms idiom “opposite” when paired with regione; Translation: opposite; Notes: spatial idiom common in classical and ecclesiastical Latin.
  8. regione — Lemma: regio; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular feminine 3rd declension; Function: complement of e; Translation: region / side; Notes: idiomatically “across from.”
  9. mensæ — Lemma: mensa; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular feminine 1st declension; Function: modifies regione; Translation: of the table; Notes: refers to the table of the Bread of the Presence.
  10. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: expresses position; Translation: in; Notes: introduces second spatial phrase.
  11. parte — Lemma: pars; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular feminine 3rd declension; Function: object of in; Translation: part / side; Notes: indicates the sector of the shrine.
  12. australi — Lemma: australis; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: ablative singular feminine positive degree; Function: modifies parte; Translation: southern; Notes: provides directional precision.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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