Exodus 9:13

Posted on February 28, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 9:13 Dixitque Dominus ad Moysen: Mane consurge, et sta coram Pharaone, et dices ad eum: Hæc dicit Dominus Deus Hebræorum: Dimitte populum meum ut sacrificet mihi.

And the LORD said to Moyses: “Rise early, and stand before Pharao, and you shall say to him: ‘Thus says the LORD, the God of the Hebrews: “Let My people go, that they may sacrifice to Me.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Dixitque and said 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND + ENCLITIC
2 Dominus LORD NOM.SG.M
3 ad to PREP+ACC
4 Moysen Moses ACC.SG.M
5 Mane early in the morning ADV
6 consurge rise 2SG.PRES.ACT.IMP
7 et and CONJ
8 sta stand 2SG.PRES.ACT.IMP
9 coram before PREP+ABL
10 Pharaone Pharaoh ABL.SG.M
11 et and CONJ
12 dices you shall say 2SG.FUT.ACT.IND
13 ad to PREP+ACC
14 eum him ACC.SG.M
15 Hæc these things NOM.PL.N
16 dicit says 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
17 Dominus LORD NOM.SG.M
18 Deus God NOM.SG.M
19 Hebræorum of the Hebrews GEN.PL.M
20 Dimitte let go 2SG.PRES.ACT.IMP
21 populum people ACC.SG.M
22 meum my ACC.SG.M (ADJ)
23 ut that CONJ
24 sacrificet may sacrifice 3SG.PRES.ACT.SUBJ
25 mihi to me DAT.SG.1ST

Syntax

Divine Speech Introduction:
Dixitque Dominus ad Moysen — “And the LORD said to Moses.”
• Dominus — subject
• Dixit — verb
• ad Moysen — indirect object

Series of Imperatives:
Mane consurge — “Rise early” (adverb + command)
et sta coram Pharaone — “and stand before Pharaoh.”

Future Instruction:
et dices ad eum — “and you shall say to him.”

Prophetic Formula:
Hæc dicit Dominus Deus Hebræorum — “Thus says the LORD God of the Hebrews.”

Main Divine Command:
Dimitte populum meum — “Let my people go.”
• populum meum — object of command

Purpose Clause:
ut sacrificet mihi — “so that he may sacrifice to me.”
• Subjunctive expresses intended purpose.

Morphology

  1. Dixitque — Lemma: dico; Part of Speech: verb + enclitic; Form: perfect active indicative 3rd singular + -que; Function: narrative verb; Translation: “and said”; Notes: -que links to prior actions.
  2. Dominus — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject; Translation: “LORD”; Notes: YHWH.
  3. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: direction to person; Translation: “to”; Notes: Introduces indirect object.
  4. Moysen — Lemma: Moyses; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: indirect object; Translation: “Moses”; Notes: Recipient of divine speech.
  5. Mane — Lemma: mane; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariant; Function: modifies consurge; Translation: “early”; Notes: Sets timing.
  6. consurge — Lemma: consurgo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active imperative 2nd singular; Function: command; Translation: “rise”; Notes: Urgent instruction.
  7. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Function: coordination; Translation: “and”; Notes: Links commands.
  8. sta — Lemma: sto; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active imperative 2nd singular; Function: command; Translation: “stand”; Notes: Physical confrontation.
  9. coram — Lemma: coram; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: spatial; Translation: “before”; Notes: Face-to-face encounter.
  10. Pharaone — Lemma: Pharao; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular masculine; Function: object of coram; Translation: “Pharaoh”; Notes: Title of Egyptian king.
  11. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Function: coordination; Translation: “and”; Notes: Links instructions.
  12. dices — Lemma: dico; Part of Speech: verb; Form: future active indicative 2nd singular; Function: future command; Translation: “you shall say”; Notes: Introductory directive.
  13. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: direction; Translation: “to”; Notes: Introduces recipient.
  14. eum — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: indirect object; Translation: “him”; Notes: Refers to Pharaoh.
  15. Hæc — Lemma: hic; Part of Speech: demonstrative pronoun; Form: nominative plural neuter; Function: subject; Translation: “these things”; Notes: Typical prophetic formula.
  16. dicit — Lemma: dico; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active indicative 3rd singular; Function: main verb; Translation: “says”; Notes: Prophetic tense.
  17. Dominus — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject; Translation: “LORD”; Notes: YHWH.
  18. Deus — Lemma: Deus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: apposition; Translation: “God”; Notes: Clarifies divine identity.
  19. Hebræorum — Lemma: Hebraeus; Part of Speech: adjective/noun; Form: genitive plural masculine; Function: specifies group; Translation: “of the Hebrews”; Notes: Ethnic designation.
  20. Dimitte — Lemma: dimitto; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active imperative 2nd singular; Function: command; Translation: “let go”; Notes: Direct divine demand.
  21. populum — Lemma: populus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: direct object; Translation: “people”; Notes: Refers to Israel.
  22. meum — Lemma: meus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: modifies populum; Translation: “my”; Notes: Covenantal ownership.
  23. ut — Lemma: ut; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: introduces purpose clause; Function: final clause marker; Translation: “that”; Notes: Purpose of release.
  24. sacrificet — Lemma: sacrifico; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active subjunctive 3rd singular; Function: verb of purpose clause; Translation: “may sacrifice”; Notes: Subjunctive expresses intention.
  25. mihi — Lemma: ego; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: dative singular; Function: indirect object; Translation: “to me”; Notes: Dative of advantage.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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