Exodus 9:28

Posted on February 28, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 9:28 Orate Dominum ut desinant tonitrua Dei, et grando: ut dimittam vos, et nequaquam hic ultra maneatis.

Pray to the LORD that the thunders of God and the hail may cease, that I may release you, and that you may not remain here any longer.”

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Orate pray V.IMP.PRES.ACT.2PL
2 Dominum the LORD N.MASC.SG.ACC
3 ut that CONJ.SUBORD
4 desinant may cease V.SUBJ.PRES.ACT.3PL
5 tonitrua thunders N.NEUT.PL.NOM
6 Dei of God N.MASC.SG.GEN
7 et and CONJ.COORD
8 grando hail N.FEM.SG.NOM
9 ut that CONJ.SUBORD
10 dimittam I may release V.SUBJ.PRES.ACT.1SG
11 vos you PRON.2PL.ACC
12 et and CONJ.COORD
13 nequaquam by no means ADV
14 hic here ADV
15 ultra any longer ADV
16 maneatis you may remain V.SUBJ.PRES.ACT.2PL

Syntax

Main Imperative: Orate Dominum — imperative verb with direct object.
Purpose Clause 1: ut desinant tonitrua Dei et grando — subjunctive expressing desired cessation; tonitrua and grando are subjects.
Purpose Clause 2: ut dimittam vos — subjunctive indicates intended action of releasing Israel.
Negative Result/Purpose: et nequaquam hic ultra maneatis — negated subjunctive expresses intent that they no longer remain.

Morphology

  1. Orate — Lemma: oro; Part of Speech: verb; Form: imperative present active second person plural; Function: direct command addressed to Moses and Aaron; Translation: “pray”; Notes: plural command from Pharaoh.
  2. Dominum — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: direct object of Orate; Translation: “the LORD”; Notes: refers to YHWH (rendered as LORD).
  3. ut — Lemma: ut; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: subordinating; Function: introduces purpose clause; Translation: “that”; Notes: standard marker of subjunctive purpose.
  4. desinant — Lemma: desino; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active subjunctive third person plural; Function: verb of purpose clause; Translation: “may cease”; Notes: plural subject refers to tonitrua + grando.
  5. tonitrua — Lemma: tonitrus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative plural neuter; Function: subject of desinant; Translation: “thunders”; Notes: supernatural storm event.
  6. Dei — Lemma: Deus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular masculine; Function: possessive modifier of tonitrua; Translation: “of God”; Notes: genitive of source.
  7. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating; Function: links tonitrua with grando; Translation: “and”; Notes: simple connective.
  8. grando — Lemma: grando; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular feminine; Function: second subject of desinant; Translation: “hail”; Notes: part of the storm command to cease.
  9. ut — Lemma: ut; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: subordinating; Function: introduces second purpose clause; Translation: “that”; Notes: used for intended results.
  10. dimittam — Lemma: dimitto; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active subjunctive first person singular; Function: verb of purpose clause; Translation: “I may release”; Notes: Pharaoh states his intended action.
  11. vos — Lemma: vos; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: accusative plural; Function: direct object of dimittam; Translation: “you”; Notes: refers to Moses, Aaron, and Israel.
  12. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating; Function: connects second and third purpose clauses; Translation: “and”; Notes: simple continuation.
  13. nequaquam — Lemma: nequaquam; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: absolute negation; Translation: “by no means”; Notes: emphatic negation.
  14. hic — Lemma: hic; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: locative adverb; Translation: “here”; Notes: refers to Egypt.
  15. ultra — Lemma: ultra; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: expresses duration; Translation: “any longer”; Notes: indicates remaining time.
  16. maneatis — Lemma: maneo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active subjunctive second person plural; Function: verb of third purpose clause; Translation: “you may remain”; Notes: completes the negated intent of Pharaoh.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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