Genesis 49:31

Posted on February 18, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Gn 49:31 Ibi sepelierunt eum, et Saram uxorem eius: ibi sepultus est Isaac cum Rebecca coniuge sua: ibi et Lia condita iacet.

There they buried him, and Sara his wife; there Isaac was buried with Rebecca his spouse; there also Lia lies laid to rest.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Ibi there ADV
2 sepelierunt they buried V.3PL.PERF.ACT.IND
3 eum him PRON.ACC.SG.M
4 et and CONJ.COORD
5 Saram Sarah PN.ACC.SG.F
6 uxorem wife N.FEM.ACC.SG
7 eius his PRON.GEN.SG
8 ibi there ADV
9 sepultus buried PPP.NOM.SG.M
10 est was V.3SG.PRES.IND.ACT
11 Isaac Isaac PN.NOM.SG
12 cum with PREP+ABL
13 Rebecca Rebecca PN.ABL.SG.F
14 coniuge spouse N.COM.ABL.SG
15 sua his ADJ.ABL.SG.F (REFL)
16 ibi there ADV
17 et also CONJ.COORD
18 Lia Leah PN.NOM.SG.F
19 condita laid to rest PPP.NOM.SG.F
20 iacet lies V.3SG.PRES.ACT.IND

Syntax

Clause 1: Ibi sepelierunt eum, et Saram uxorem eius —
Ibi is an adverb of place.
sepelierunt is the main verb (“they buried”).
eum is one direct object, Saram uxorem eius the second coordinated object.

Clause 2: ibi sepultus est Isaac cum Rebecca coniuge sua —
sepultus est is a perfect passive construction (“Isaac was buried”).
cum Rebecca coniuge sua expresses accompaniment.

Clause 3: ibi et Lia condita iacet —
condita iacet is a compound predicate: “lies laid to rest.”
Lia is the subject.
et adds her to the list of those buried there.

Morphology

  1. Ibi — Lemma: ibi; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariant; Function: location; Translation: there; Notes: repeated for emphasis.
  2. sepelierunt — Lemma: sepelio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 3rd plural perfect active indicative; Function: main verb; Translation: they buried; Notes: burial action.
  3. eum — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: direct object; Translation: him; Notes: refers to Jacob.
  4. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariant; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: simple linker.
  5. Saram — Lemma: Sara; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: accusative singular; Function: direct object; Translation: Sarah; Notes: wife of Abraham.
  6. uxorem — Lemma: uxor; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: apposition to Saram; Translation: wife; Notes: clarifies relationship.
  7. eius — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: genitive singular; Function: possessive; Translation: his; Notes: refers to Abraham.
  8. ibi — Lemma: ibi; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariant; Function: locative; Translation: there; Notes: parallel structure.
  9. sepultus — Lemma: sepelio; Part of Speech: participle; Form: perfect passive participle nominative singular masculine; Function: part of passive verb; Translation: buried; Notes: passive voice.
  10. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 3rd singular present indicative; Function: auxiliary; Translation: was; Notes: completes passive construction.
  11. Isaac — Lemma: Isaac; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: nominative singular; Function: subject; Translation: Isaac; Notes: son of Abraham.
  12. cum — Lemma: cum; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: accompaniment; Translation: with; Notes: burial pairing.
  13. Rebecca — Lemma: Rebecca; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: ablative singular; Function: object of cum; Translation: Rebecca; Notes: Isaac’s wife.
  14. coniuge — Lemma: conjux; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular; Function: apposition to Rebecca; Translation: spouse; Notes: relational description.
  15. sua — Lemma: suus; Part of Speech: reflexive adjective; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: modifies coniuge; Translation: his; Notes: refers to Isaac.
  16. ibi — Lemma: ibi; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariant; Function: location; Translation: there; Notes: beginning emphasis.
  17. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariant; Function: addition; Translation: also; Notes: adds Lia to list.
  18. Lia — Lemma: Lia; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: nominative singular; Function: subject; Translation: Leah; Notes: Jacob’s wife.
  19. condita — Lemma: condo; Part of Speech: participle; Form: perfect passive participle nominative singular feminine; Function: predicate with iacet; Translation: laid to rest; Notes: burial term.
  20. iacet — Lemma: iaceo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 3rd singular present active indicative; Function: main verb; Translation: lies; Notes: indicates enduring rest.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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