Genesis 5:10

Posted on January 5, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Gn 5:10 Post cuius ortum vixit octingentis quindecim annis, et genuit filios, et filias.

After whose birth he lived eight hundred and fifteen years, and he begot sons and daughters.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Post after PREP+ACC
2 cuius whose REL.PRON.GEN.SG.M
3 ortum birth NOUN.ACC.SG.M
4 vixit he lived VERB.3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
5 octingentis eight hundred NUM.ABL.PL.M
6 quindecim fifteen NUM.INDECL
7 annis years NOUN.ABL.PL.M
8 et and CONJ
9 genuit he begot VERB.3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
10 filios sons NOUN.ACC.PL.M
11 et and CONJ
12 filias daughters NOUN.ACC.PL.F

Syntax

The sentence opens with a prepositional phrase Post cuius ortum (“after whose birth”), where Post governs the accusative ortum, and cuius (genitive relative pronoun) refers back to Cainan in the previous verse.
The main clause vixit octingentis quindecim annis uses the perfect active verb vixit with the ablative phrase octingentis quindecim annis expressing the duration of life (“he lived eight hundred and fifteen years”).
The coordinated clause et genuit filios et filias continues the pattern of genealogical formulae, indicating procreation after the birth of the named son.

Morphology

  1. Post — Lemma: post; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: introduces temporal phrase; Translation: after; Notes: denotes succession in time following the son’s birth.
  2. cuius — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: Relative pronoun; Form: genitive singular masculine; Function: modifies “ortum”; Translation: whose; Notes: refers back to Cainan, connecting clauses.
  3. ortum — Lemma: ortus; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: object of “post”; Translation: birth; Notes: expresses the event after which Enos’s remaining years are measured.
  4. vixit — Lemma: vivo; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: third person singular perfect active indicative; Function: main verb; Translation: he lived; Notes: denotes continued existence after Cainan’s birth.
  5. octingentis — Lemma: octingenti; Part of Speech: Numeral; Form: ablative plural masculine; Function: modifies “annis”; Translation: eight hundred; Notes: first numeral component of life duration.
  6. quindecim — Lemma: quindecim; Part of Speech: Numeral; Form: indeclinable; Function: modifies “annis”; Translation: fifteen; Notes: completes the total count of years lived.
  7. annis — Lemma: annus; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: ablative plural masculine; Function: ablative of time how long; Translation: years; Notes: expresses duration of Enos’s life following Cainan’s birth.
  8. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: coordinating; Function: joins the following clause; Translation: and; Notes: marks continuation of genealogical activity.
  9. genuit — Lemma: gigno; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: third person singular perfect active indicative; Function: main verb of subordinate clause; Translation: he begot; Notes: signals repetition of lineage expansion.
  10. filios — Lemma: filius; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: accusative plural masculine; Function: direct object of “genuit”; Translation: sons; Notes: first of two parallel objects.
  11. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: coordinating; Function: joins “filios” and “filias”; Translation: and; Notes: connects masculine and feminine offspring.
  12. filias — Lemma: filia; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: accusative plural feminine; Function: direct object of “genuit”; Translation: daughters; Notes: complements “filios,” completing the genealogical formula.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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