Leviticus 11:10

Posted on April 11, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 11:10 Quidquid autem pinnulas et squamas non habet eorum quæ in aquis moventur et vivunt, abominabile vobis,

But whatever does not have fins and scales among those that move and live in the waters, is abominable to you,

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Quidquid whatever NOM.SG.N
2 autem but CONJ
3 pinnulas fins ACC.PL.F
4 et and CONJ
5 squamas scales ACC.PL.F
6 non not ADV
7 habet has 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
8 eorum of those GEN.PL.N
9 quæ which REL.NOM.PL.N
10 in in PREP+ABL
11 aquis waters ABL.PL.F
12 moventur move 3PL.PRES.DEP.IND
13 et and CONJ
14 vivunt live 3PL.PRES.ACT.IND
15 abominabile abominable NOM.SG.N
16 vobis to you DAT.PL

Syntax

Subject: Quidquid — comprehensive category
Adversative Marker: autem — contrast with permitted aquatic life
Relative Description: pinnulas et squamas non habet — defining deficiency
Partitive Expansion: eorum quæ in aquis moventur et vivunt — subset within aquatic creatures
Predicate Judgment: abominabile vobis — legal and ritual evaluation

Morphology

  1. Quidquid — Lemma: quidquid; Part of Speech: indefinite relative pronoun; Form: nominative neuter singular; Function: subject; Translation: whatever; Notes: Introduces a general class without exception.
  2. autem — Lemma: autem; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: adversative connector; Translation: but; Notes: Sets contrast with the preceding permission.
  3. pinnulas — Lemma: pinnula; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative feminine plural; Function: direct object; Translation: fins; Notes: First required aquatic feature.
  4. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: Joins the two required traits.
  5. squamas — Lemma: squama; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative feminine plural; Function: direct object; Translation: scales; Notes: Second required aquatic feature.
  6. non — Lemma: non; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: negation; Translation: not; Notes: Denies possession of the criteria.
  7. habet — Lemma: habeo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular present active indicative; Function: predicate; Translation: has; Notes: Governs both direct objects.
  8. eorum — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: demonstrative pronoun; Form: genitive neuter plural; Function: partitive modifier; Translation: of those; Notes: Narrows the reference to a subset.
  9. quæ — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative neuter plural; Function: subject of relative clause; Translation: which; Notes: Refers back to aquatic creatures.
  10. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: location; Translation: in; Notes: Indicates environment.
  11. aquis — Lemma: aqua; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative feminine plural; Function: object of in; Translation: waters; Notes: Aquatic domain.
  12. moventur — Lemma: moveo; Part of Speech: deponent verb; Form: third person plural present indicative; Function: predicate; Translation: move; Notes: Describes active motion.
  13. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: Links actions.
  14. vivunt — Lemma: vivo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person plural present active indicative; Function: predicate; Translation: live; Notes: Affirms biological life.
  15. abominabile — Lemma: abominabilis; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative neuter singular; Function: predicate adjective; Translation: abominable; Notes: Strong cultic disapproval.
  16. vobis — Lemma: tu; Part of Speech: personal pronoun; Form: dative plural; Function: dative of reference; Translation: to you; Notes: Addresses Israel as the legal audience.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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