Leviticus 15:18

Posted on April 15, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 15:18 Mulier, cum qua coierit, lavabitur aqua, et immunda erit usque ad vesperum.

A woman, with whom he shall have lain, shall be washed with water, and she shall be unclean until evening.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Mulier woman NOM.SG.F
2 cum with PREP+ABL
3 qua whom ABL.SG.F REL
4 coierit shall have lain 3SG.FUTP.ACT.IND
5 lavabitur shall be washed 3SG.FUT.PASS.IND
6 aqua with water ABL.SG.F
7 et and CONJ
8 immunda unclean NOM.SG.F ADJ
9 erit shall be 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND
10 usque until PREP
11 ad to PREP+ACC
12 vesperum evening ACC.SG.M

Syntax

Main Subject: Mulier stands as the grammatical subject of the regulation.
Relative Qualification: cum qua coierit specifies the circumstance of intercourse.
Primary Predicate: lavabitur aqua prescribes the act of washing.
Resulting State: immunda erit usque ad vesperum defines the duration of impurity.

Morphology

  1. Mulier — Lemma: mulier; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular feminine; Function: subject; Translation: woman; Notes: Female participant in the act described.
  2. cum — Lemma: cum; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing ablative; Function: accompaniment; Translation: with; Notes: Introduces the relative phrase.
  3. qua — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: object of cum; Translation: whom; Notes: Refers back to mulier.
  4. coierit — Lemma: coeo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future perfect indicative active; Function: verb of the relative clause; Translation: shall have lain; Notes: Euphemistic legal term for intercourse.
  5. lavabitur — Lemma: lavo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future indicative passive; Function: main predicate; Translation: shall be washed; Notes: Passive emphasizes required cleansing.
  6. aqua — Lemma: aqua; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: ablative of means; Translation: with water; Notes: Medium of purification.
  7. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: Links washing with status.
  8. immunda — Lemma: immundus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative singular feminine; Function: predicate adjective; Translation: unclean; Notes: Ritual condition following the act.
  9. erit — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future indicative active; Function: copula; Translation: shall be; Notes: Declares resulting state.
  10. usque — Lemma: usque; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: invariable; Function: temporal limit; Translation: until; Notes: Marks duration.
  11. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing accusative; Function: temporal direction; Translation: to; Notes: Used with time expressions.
  12. vesperum — Lemma: vesper; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: object of ad; Translation: evening; Notes: Daily terminus of impurity.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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