Leviticus 23:27

Posted on April 23, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 23:27 Decimo die mensis huius septimi, dies expiationum erit celeberrimus, et vocabitur sanctus: affligetisque animas vestras in eo, et offeretis holocaustum Domino.

“On the tenth day of this seventh month there shall be a most celebrated day of expiations, and it shall be called holy; and you shall afflict your souls on it, and you shall offer a burnt offering to the LORD.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Decimo tenth ABL.SG.M.ADJ
2 die day ABL.SG.M
3 mensis of the month GEN.SG.M
4 huius of this GEN.SG.M.DEM
5 septimi seventh GEN.SG.M.ADJ
6 dies day NOM.SG.M
7 expiationum of expiations GEN.PL.F
8 erit shall be 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND
9 celeberrimus most celebrated NOM.SG.M.ADJ.SUPER
10 et and CONJ
11 vocabitur shall be called 3SG.FUT.PASS.IND
12 sanctus holy NOM.SG.M.ADJ
13 affligetisque and you shall afflict 2PL.FUT.ACT.IND+CONJ
14 animas souls ACC.PL.F
15 vestras your ACC.PL.F.POSS
16 in on PREP+ABL
17 eo it ABL.SG.M.DEM
18 et and CONJ
19 offeretis you shall offer 2PL.FUT.ACT.IND
20 holocaustum burnt offering ACC.SG.N
21 Domino to the LORD DAT.SG.M

Syntax

Temporal Frame: Decimo die mensis huius septimi — ablative expressions fixing the precise calendar date.
Main Predicate: dies expiationum erit celeberrimus — future copular clause defining the day’s character.
Naming Formula: et vocabitur sanctus — passive future conferring sacred status.
Self-Affliction Command: affligetisque animas vestras in eo — coordinated legislative future prescribing ritual humility.
Cultic Obligation: et offeretis holocaustum Domino — mandated sacrificial act directed to YHWH.

Morphology

  1. Decimo — Lemma: decimus; Part of Speech: Adjective; Form: ablative masculine singular; Function: modifies die; Translation: “tenth”; Notes: Specifies the exact day.
  2. die — Lemma: dies; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: ablative masculine singular; Function: temporal setting; Translation: “day”; Notes: Used in calendrical expressions.
  3. mensis — Lemma: mensis; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: genitive masculine singular; Function: dependent genitive; Translation: “of the month”; Notes: Links the day to a specific month.
  4. huius — Lemma: hic; Part of Speech: Demonstrative adjective; Form: genitive masculine singular; Function: modifies mensis; Translation: “of this”; Notes: Points to the current month in view.
  5. septimi — Lemma: septimus; Part of Speech: Adjective; Form: genitive masculine singular; Function: modifies mensis; Translation: “seventh”; Notes: Identifies the liturgical month.
  6. dies — Lemma: dies; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: nominative masculine singular; Function: subject; Translation: “day”; Notes: Head noun of the clause.
  7. expiationum — Lemma: expiatio; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: genitive feminine plural; Function: attributive genitive; Translation: “of expiations”; Notes: Specifies the purpose of the day.
  8. erit — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: third person singular future active indicative; Function: copula; Translation: “shall be”; Notes: Establishes future ordinance.
  9. celeberrimus — Lemma: celeber; Part of Speech: Adjective; Form: nominative masculine singular superlative; Function: predicate adjective; Translation: “most celebrated”; Notes: Indicates exceptional solemnity.
  10. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: coordination; Translation: “and”; Notes: Links clauses.
  11. vocabitur — Lemma: voco; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: third person singular future passive indicative; Function: naming formula; Translation: “shall be called”; Notes: Formal designation of holiness.
  12. sanctus — Lemma: sanctus; Part of Speech: Adjective; Form: nominative masculine singular; Function: predicate adjective; Translation: “holy”; Notes: Marks consecration to YHWH.
  13. affligetisque — Lemma: affligo; Part of Speech: Verb with enclitic conjunction; Form: second person plural future active indicative; Function: coordinated command; Translation: “and you shall afflict”; Notes: Ritual self-humbling commanded for the day.
  14. animas — Lemma: anima; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: accusative feminine plural; Function: direct object; Translation: “souls”; Notes: Refers to the inner life of the worshipers.
  15. vestras — Lemma: vester; Part of Speech: Possessive adjective; Form: accusative feminine plural; Function: modifies animas; Translation: “your”; Notes: Addresses the covenant community.
  16. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: governing the ablative; Function: temporal reference; Translation: “on”; Notes: Refers to the appointed day.
  17. eo — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: Demonstrative pronoun; Form: ablative masculine singular; Function: object of in; Translation: “it”; Notes: Points back to the Day of Expiations.
  18. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: coordination; Translation: “and”; Notes: Adds a further obligation.
  19. offeretis — Lemma: offero; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: second person plural future active indicative; Function: command; Translation: “you shall offer”; Notes: Prescribes sacrificial worship.
  20. holocaustum — Lemma: holocaustum; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: accusative neuter singular; Function: direct object; Translation: “burnt offering”; Notes: Offering wholly consumed on the altar.
  21. Domino — Lemma: dominus; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: dative masculine singular; Function: indirect object; Translation: “to the LORD”; Notes: Refers to YHWH as recipient.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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