Numeri 10:12 (Numbers 10:12)

Posted on May 7, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Nm 10:12 profectique sunt filii Israel per turmas suas de deserto Sinai, et recubuit nubes in solitudine Pharan.

and the sons of Israel set out by their companies from the wilderness of Sinai, and the cloud came to rest in the wilderness of Pharan.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 profectique and having set out PERF.PTCP.DEP.NOM.PL.M+CONJ
2 sunt they are 3PL.PRES.ACT.IND
3 filii sons NOM.PL.M
4 Israel Israel INDECL
5 per through PREP+ACC
6 turmas companies ACC.PL.F
7 suas their ACC.PL.F.POSS
8 de from PREP+ABL
9 deserto wilderness ABL.SG.N
10 Sinai Sinai INDECL
11 et and CONJ
12 recubuit came to rest 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
13 nubes cloud NOM.SG.F
14 in in PREP+ABL
15 solitudine wilderness ABL.SG.F
16 Pharan Pharan INDECL

Syntax

Main Clause: filii Israel (subject) + profectique sunt (main verbal expression, perfect deponent) + per turmas suas (prepositional phrase of manner/arrangement) + de deserto Sinai (prepositional phrase of origin).

Second Clause: nubes (subject) + recubuit (verb) + in solitudine Pharan (prepositional phrase of location).

Phrase: per turmas suas — expresses orderly grouping of movement.

Phrase: de deserto Sinai — indicates departure from a specific location.

Phrase: in solitudine Pharan — indicates where the cloud came to rest.

Morphology

  1. profectique — Lemma: proficiscor; Part of Speech: verb; Form: perfect participle deponent nominative plural masculine with enclitic conjunction -que; Function: part of the compound perfect with sunt; Translation: and having set out; Notes: Deponent verb conveying active meaning in narrative sequence.
  2. sunt — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active indicative third person plural; Function: auxiliary forming perfect tense with profectique; Translation: they are; Notes: Combined with the participle, expresses completed past action.
  3. filii — Lemma: filius; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative plural masculine; Function: subject; Translation: sons; Notes: Refers to the people of Israel collectively.
  4. Israel — Lemma: Israel; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: indeclinable; Function: genitive of specification; Translation: Israel; Notes: Identifies the group as the covenant people.
  5. per — Lemma: per; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: introduces manner or distribution; Translation: through; Notes: Indicates arrangement by groups.
  6. turmas — Lemma: turma; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural feminine; Function: object of per; Translation: companies; Notes: Refers to organized divisions.
  7. suas — Lemma: suus; Part of Speech: possessive adjective; Form: accusative plural feminine; Function: modifies turmas; Translation: their; Notes: Reflexive, referring back to the subject.
  8. de — Lemma: de; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: introduces origin; Translation: from; Notes: Marks departure.
  9. deserto — Lemma: desertum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular neuter; Function: object of de; Translation: wilderness; Notes: Indicates uninhabited region.
  10. Sinai — Lemma: Sinai; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: indeclinable; Function: modifies deserto; Translation: Sinai; Notes: Specifies location of departure.
  11. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: connects clauses; Translation: and; Notes: Links sequential events.
  12. recubuit — Lemma: recumbo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: perfect active indicative third person singular; Function: main verb of second clause; Translation: came to rest; Notes: Indicates completion of motion.
  13. nubes — Lemma: nubes; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular feminine; Function: subject; Translation: cloud; Notes: Represents divine presence.
  14. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: introduces location; Translation: in; Notes: Indicates place of rest.
  15. solitudine — Lemma: solitudo; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: object of in; Translation: wilderness; Notes: Emphasizes desolate setting.
  16. Pharan — Lemma: Pharan; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: indeclinable; Function: modifies solitudine; Translation: Pharan; Notes: Specifies location of rest.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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