Numeri 18:7 (Numbers 18:7)

Posted on May 15, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Nm 18:7 Tu autem et filii tui custodite sacerdotium vestrum: et omnia quæ ad cultum altaris pertinent, et intra velum sunt, per sacerdotes administrabuntur. si quis externus accesserit, occidetur.

But you and your sons guard your priesthood, and all things which pertain to the service of the altar and are within the veil shall be administered through the priests. If any outsider approaches, he shall be put to death.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Tu you NOM.SG
2 autem however CONJ
3 et and CONJ
4 filii sons NOM.PL.M
5 tui your NOM.PL.M.POSS
6 custodite guard 2PL.PRES.IMP.MOOD.ACT
7 sacerdotium priesthood ACC.SG.N
8 vestrum your ACC.SG.N.POSS
9 et and CONJ
10 omnia all things NOM.PL.N
11 quæ which NOM.PL.N.REL
12 ad to PREP+ACC
13 cultum service ACC.SG.M
14 altaris of altar GEN.SG.N
15 pertinent pertain 3PL.PRES.ACT.IND
16 et and CONJ
17 intra within PREP+ACC
18 velum veil ACC.SG.N
19 sunt are 3PL.PRES.ACT.IND
20 per through PREP+ACC
21 sacerdotes priests ACC.PL.M
22 administrabuntur shall be administered 3PL.FUT.PASS.IND
23 si if CONJ
24 quis anyone NOM.SG.M
25 externus outsider NOM.SG.M
26 accesserit shall approach 3SG.FUTP.ACT.IND
27 occidetur shall be put to death 3SG.FUT.PASS.IND

Syntax

Imperative Clause: Tu et filii tui (compound subject) + custodite (verb)
Direct Object: sacerdotium vestrum

Relative Clause: omnia quæ ad cultum altaris pertinent et intra velum sunt
→ omnia (subject)
→ pertinent and sunt (coordinated verbs)
→ ad cultum altaris and intra velum (prepositional phrases)

Main Clause 2: administrabuntur (verb)
Prepositional Phrase: per sacerdotes — agent or means

Conditional Clause: si quis externus accesserit — condition
Main Clause 3: occidetur — consequence

Morphology

  1. Tu — Lemma: tu; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: nominative singular second person; Function: subject; Translation: you; Notes: emphatic personal pronoun.
  2. autem — Lemma: autem; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating conjunction (indeclinable); Function: transitional connector; Translation: however; Notes: marks contrast.
  3. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating; Function: joins subjects; Translation: and; Notes: simple connective.
  4. filii — Lemma: filius; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative plural masculine, second declension; Function: part of compound subject; Translation: sons; Notes: refers to descendants.
  5. tui — Lemma: tuus; Part of Speech: possessive adjective; Form: nominative plural masculine; Function: modifies filii; Translation: your; Notes: possessive relation.
  6. custodite — Lemma: custodio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active imperative, second person plural; Function: command; Translation: guard; Notes: expresses responsibility.
  7. sacerdotium — Lemma: sacerdotium; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular neuter, second declension; Function: direct object; Translation: priesthood; Notes: sacred office.
  8. vestrum — Lemma: vester; Part of Speech: possessive adjective; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: modifies sacerdotium; Translation: your; Notes: belongs to the addressed group.
  9. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating; Function: links clauses; Translation: and; Notes: continuation.
  10. omnia — Lemma: omnis; Part of Speech: adjective used substantively; Form: nominative plural neuter; Function: subject; Translation: all things; Notes: totality of sacred duties.
  11. quæ — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative plural neuter; Function: subject of relative clause; Translation: which; Notes: refers to sacred matters.
  12. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: introduces relation; Translation: to; Notes: indicates connection.
  13. cultum — Lemma: cultus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine, fourth declension; Function: object of ad; Translation: service; Notes: ritual worship.
  14. altaris — Lemma: altare; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular neuter, third declension; Function: modifies cultum; Translation: of altar; Notes: place of sacrifice.
  15. pertinent — Lemma: pertineo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active indicative, third person plural; Function: verb of relative clause; Translation: pertain; Notes: indicates relation or belonging.
  16. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating; Function: joins verbs; Translation: and; Notes: continuation.
  17. intra — Lemma: intra; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: introduces location; Translation: within; Notes: interior spatial relation.
  18. velum — Lemma: velum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular neuter, second declension; Function: object of intra; Translation: veil; Notes: sacred curtain.
  19. sunt — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active indicative, third person plural; Function: second verb of relative clause; Translation: are; Notes: existential relation.
  20. per — Lemma: per; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: introduces means or agency; Translation: through; Notes: mediation.
  21. sacerdotes — Lemma: sacerdos; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural masculine, third declension; Function: object of per; Translation: priests; Notes: authorized ministers.
  22. administrabuntur — Lemma: administro; Part of Speech: verb; Form: future passive indicative, third person plural; Function: main verb; Translation: shall be administered; Notes: indicates official management.
  23. si — Lemma: si; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: subordinating; Function: introduces condition; Translation: if; Notes: conditional marker.
  24. quis — Lemma: quis; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject; Translation: anyone; Notes: indefinite reference.
  25. externus — Lemma: externus; Part of Speech: adjective used substantively; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: modifies quis; Translation: outsider; Notes: non-authorized person.
  26. accesserit — Lemma: accedo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: future perfect active indicative, third person singular; Function: verb of conditional clause; Translation: shall approach; Notes: completed future condition.
  27. occidetur — Lemma: occido; Part of Speech: verb; Form: future passive indicative, third person singular; Function: main verb of consequence; Translation: shall be put to death; Notes: judicial or divinely sanctioned punishment.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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