Numeri 2:16 (Numbers 2:16)

Posted on April 29, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Nm 2:16 Omnes qui recensiti sunt in castris Ruben, centum quinquaginta millia et mille quadringenti quinquaginta per turmas suas: in secundo loco proficiscentur.

All who were counted in the camp of Ruben were one hundred fifty-one thousand four hundred fifty; according to their companies they shall set out in the second place.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Omnes all PRON.NOM.PL.M
2 qui who PRON.NOM.PL.REL
3 recensiti counted PTCP.NOM.PL.M.PERF.PASS
4 sunt are / were 3PL.PRES.ACT.IND
5 in in PREP.ABL
6 castris camp NOUN.ABL.PL.N.2ND DECL
7 Ruben Reuben PROPN.INDECL
8 centum one hundred NUM.INDECL
9 quinquaginta fifty NUM.INDECL
10 millia thousand NOUN.ACC.PL.N
11 et and CONJ
12 mille thousand NUM.INDECL
13 quadringenti four hundred NUM.NOM.PL.M
14 quinquaginta fifty NUM.INDECL
15 per according to PREP.ACC
16 turmas companies NOUN.ACC.PL.F.1ST DECL
17 suas their ADJ.ACC.PL.F.POSS
18 in in PREP.ABL
19 secundo second ADJ.ABL.SG.M
20 loco place NOUN.ABL.SG.M.2ND DECL
21 proficiscentur they shall set out 3PL.FUT.DEP.IND

Syntax

Subject: Omnes — “all,” referring collectively to the counted warriors of the tribe.

Relative Clause: qui recensiti sunt — “who were counted.”
This clause identifies the group included in the census.

Prepositional Phrase: in castris Ruben — “in the camp of Ruben.”
The ablative plural castris expresses location.

Numerical Predicate:
centum quinquaginta millia et mille quadringenti quinquaginta
This compound numeral expresses the total census figure of 151,450.

Organizational Phrase: per turmas suas — “according to their companies.”
This indicates military grouping.

Movement Clause: in secundo loco proficiscentur — “they shall set out in the second place.”
The verb proficiscentur is a future deponent indicating movement of the camp in marching order.

Morphology

  1. Omnes — Lemma: omnis; Part of Speech: adjective/pronoun; Form: nominative plural masculine; Function: subject; Translation: all; Notes: Used substantively to refer to the total number of men counted.
  2. qui — Lemma: qui, quae, quod; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative plural masculine; Function: introduces relative clause; Translation: who; Notes: Refers back to Omnes.
  3. recensiti — Lemma: recenseo; Part of Speech: participle; Form: nominative plural masculine perfect passive participle; Function: with sunt forms passive perfect; Translation: counted; Notes: Used in census contexts.
  4. sunt — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person plural present active indicative; Function: auxiliary; Translation: are / were; Notes: forms perfect passive with participle.
  5. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: indicates location; Translation: in; Notes: introduces location phrase.
  6. castris — Lemma: castra; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural neuter; Function: object of preposition; Translation: camp; Notes: plural form commonly used for military camp.
  7. Ruben — Lemma: Ruben; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: indeclinable; Function: genitival relation to camp; Translation: Ruben; Notes: tribal name.
  8. centum — Lemma: centum; Part of Speech: numeral; Form: indeclinable; Function: numeral component; Translation: one hundred; Notes: beginning of compound number.
  9. quinquaginta — Lemma: quinquaginta; Part of Speech: numeral; Form: indeclinable; Function: numeral component; Translation: fifty; Notes: combined with centum.
  10. millia — Lemma: mille; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural neuter; Function: expresses thousands; Translation: thousand; Notes: plural form used in large numbers.
  11. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating conjunction; Function: links number segments; Translation: and; Notes: joins thousands and remaining figures.
  12. mille — Lemma: mille; Part of Speech: numeral; Form: indeclinable; Function: numeral component; Translation: thousand; Notes: singular thousand unit.
  13. quadringenti — Lemma: quadringenti; Part of Speech: numeral adjective; Form: nominative plural masculine; Function: modifies implied masculine noun; Translation: four hundred; Notes: agrees with implied “men.”
  14. quinquaginta — Lemma: quinquaginta; Part of Speech: numeral; Form: indeclinable; Function: numeral component; Translation: fifty; Notes: completes the hundreds value.
  15. per — Lemma: per; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: expresses distribution; Translation: according to; Notes: used for grouping.
  16. turmas — Lemma: turma; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural feminine; Function: object of per; Translation: companies; Notes: refers to military divisions.
  17. suas — Lemma: suus; Part of Speech: possessive adjective; Form: accusative plural feminine; Function: modifies turmas; Translation: their; Notes: reflexive possession.
  18. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: indicates position; Translation: in; Notes: introduces place of order.
  19. secundo — Lemma: secundus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: ablative singular masculine; Function: modifies loco; Translation: second; Notes: ordinal numeral.
  20. loco — Lemma: locus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular masculine; Function: object of preposition; Translation: place; Notes: indicates order of march.
  21. proficiscentur — Lemma: proficiscor; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person plural future deponent indicative; Function: main verb of movement; Translation: they shall set out; Notes: deponent verb expressing departure.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
This entry was posted in Numeri. Bookmark the permalink.

Comments are closed.