Numeri 32:35 (Numbers 32:35)

Posted on May 29, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Nm 32:35 et Etroth, et Sophan, et Iazer, et Iegbaa,

and Etroth, and Sophan, and Jazer, and Jegbaa,

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 et and CONJ.INVAR
2 Etroth Atroth ACC.SG.F.INDECL.OBJ
3 et and CONJ.INVAR
4 Sophan Shophan ACC.SG.F.INDECL.OBJ
5 et and CONJ.INVAR
6 Iazer Jazer ACC.SG.F.INDECL.OBJ
7 et and CONJ.INVAR
8 Iegbaa Jogbehah ACC.SG.F.INDECL.OBJ

Syntax

Continuation of the Previous Clause: et Etroth, et Sophan, et Iazer, et Iegbaa continues the list of cities governed by the verb extruxerunt from the preceding verse.

Coordinated Direct Objects: Etroth, Sophan, Iazer, and Iegbaa are additional coordinated direct objects of the understood verb extruxerunt, “they built.”

Conjunctions: Each occurrence of et links another city to the continuing enumeration of places built or restored by the sons of Gad.

Morphology

  1. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: Invariable coordinating conjunction; Function: Continues the list of cities from the preceding verse; Translation: “and”; Notes: It links Etroth with the previously named cities governed by extruxerunt.
  2. Etroth — Lemma: Etroth; Part of Speech: Proper noun; Form: Indeclinable, functioning as accusative singular; Function: Direct object of the understood extruxerunt; Translation: “Etroth”; Notes: It names another city included among those built or restored by the sons of Gad.
  3. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: Invariable coordinating conjunction; Function: Connects Etroth and Sophan; Translation: “and”; Notes: It continues the coordinated series of city names.
  4. Sophan — Lemma: Sophan; Part of Speech: Proper noun; Form: Indeclinable, functioning as accusative singular; Function: Direct object of the understood extruxerunt; Translation: “Sophan”; Notes: It names another city in the building list associated with Gad.
  5. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: Invariable coordinating conjunction; Function: Connects Sophan and Iazer; Translation: “and”; Notes: It adds another place to the same series.
  6. Iazer — Lemma: Iazer; Part of Speech: Proper noun; Form: Indeclinable, functioning as accusative singular; Function: Direct object of the understood extruxerunt; Translation: “Iazer”; Notes: It names a further city included among those built or restored by the sons of Gad.
  7. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: Invariable coordinating conjunction; Function: Connects Iazer and Iegbaa; Translation: “and”; Notes: It introduces the last city named in this portion of the list.
  8. Iegbaa — Lemma: Iegbaa; Part of Speech: Proper noun; Form: Indeclinable, functioning as accusative singular; Function: Direct object of the understood extruxerunt; Translation: “Iegbaa”; Notes: It completes this portion of the continuing list of cities built or restored by the sons of Gad.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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