Genesis 43:13

Posted on February 12, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Gn 43:13 sed et fratrem vestrum tollite, et ite ad virum.

but also take your brother, and go to the man.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 sed but CONJ
2 et also CONJ
3 fratrem brother ACC.SG.M
4 vestrum your ACC.SG.M.POSS
5 tollite take 2PL.PRES.ACT.IMP
6 et and CONJ
7 ite go 2PL.PRES.ACT.IMP
8 ad to PREP+ACC
9 virum the man ACC.SG.M

Syntax

Coordinated imperatives:
sed et fratrem vestrum tollite — command with object fratrem vestrum.
et ite ad virum — second command linked with et, with prepositional phrase ad virum indicating direction.
Connectors: sed et — introduces an additional requirement with slight emphasis.

Morphology

  1. sed — Lemma: sed; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating; Function: introduces contrast/addition; Translation: “but”; Notes: soft contrastive force.
  2. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating; Function: adds emphasis to command; Translation: “also”; Notes: strengthens addition.
  3. fratrem — Lemma: frater; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: direct object of tollite; Translation: “brother”; Notes: refers to Benjamin.
  4. vestrum — Lemma: vester; Part of Speech: possessive adjective; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: modifies fratrem; Translation: “your”; Notes: second-person plural possession.
  5. tollite — Lemma: tollo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: imperative present active 2nd plural; Function: command; Translation: “take”; Notes: instruction regarding Benjamin.
  6. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating; Function: links imperatives; Translation: “and”; Notes: simple connector.
  7. ite — Lemma: eo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: imperative present active 2nd plural; Function: command; Translation: “go”; Notes: directive to proceed to Joseph.
  8. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: expresses direction; Translation: “to”; Notes: motion toward.
  9. virum — Lemma: vir; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: object of ad; Translation: “the man”; Notes: refers to Joseph.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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