Leviticus 27:28

Posted on April 27, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 27:28 Omne, quod Domino consecratur, sive homo fuerit, sive animal, sive ager, non vendetur, nec redimi poterit. Quidquid semel fuerit consecratum, sanctum sanctorum erit Domino.

Everything, that is consecrated to the LORD, whether it shall have been a man, or an animal, or a field, shall not be sold, nor shall it be able to be redeemed. Whatever once shall have been consecrated, shall be most holy to the LORD.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Omne everything ADJ.NOM.SG.N
2 quod which PRON.REL.NOM.SG.N
3 Domino to the LORD NOUN.DAT.SG.M
4 consecratur is consecrated 3SG.PRES.PASS.IND
5 sive whether CONJ
6 homo man NOUN.NOM.SG.M
7 fuerit shall have been 3SG.FUTP.ACT.SUBJ
8 sive or CONJ
9 animal animal NOUN.NOM.SG.N
10 sive or CONJ
11 ager field NOUN.NOM.SG.M
12 non not ADV
13 vendetur will be sold 3SG.FUT.PASS.IND
14 nec nor CONJ
15 redimi to be redeemed PRES.PASS.INF
16 poterit will be able 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND
17 Quidquid whatever PRON.INDEF.NOM.SG.N
18 semel once ADV
19 fuerit shall have been 3SG.FUTP.ACT.SUBJ
20 consecratum consecrated PERF.PASS.PTCP.NOM.SG.N
21 sanctum holy ADJ.NOM.SG.N
22 sanctorum of holies NOUN.GEN.PL.N
23 erit will be 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND
24 Domino to the LORD NOUN.DAT.SG.M

Syntax

Main Head Term: Omne governs the relative clause quod Domino consecratur, defining the category of consecrated items.

Alternative Specification: sive homo fuerit sive animal sive ager — three coordinated nominatives identifying possible referents; fuerit expresses indefinite future case.

Prohibition Clause: non vendetur + nec redimi poterit — two coordinated negatives forbidding sale or redemption.

Second Assertion: Quidquid semel fuerit consecratum (indefinite relative clause) functions as subject of erit; predicate nominative sanctum sanctorum expresses superlative holiness; Domino marks dative of reference.

Morphology

  1. Omne — Lemma: omnis; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative singular neuter third declension; Function: head term of sentence; Translation: everything; Notes: universal scope.
  2. quod — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative singular neuter; Function: subject of consecratur; Translation: which; Notes: refers back to Omne.
  3. Domino — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: dative singular masculine second declension; Function: dative of reference; Translation: to the LORD; Notes: indicates dedication to YHWH.
  4. consecratur — Lemma: consecrare; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular present passive indicative first conjugation; Function: verb of relative clause; Translation: is consecrated; Notes: passive stresses divine claim.
  5. sive — Lemma: sive; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: introduces alternative; Translation: whether; Notes: repeated for emphasis.
  6. homo — Lemma: homo; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine third declension; Function: alternative subject; Translation: man; Notes: includes persons under vow.
  7. fuerit — Lemma: esse; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future perfect active subjunctive; Function: verb of alternative clause; Translation: shall have been; Notes: indefinite prospective case.
  8. sive — Lemma: sive; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: second alternative marker; Translation: or; Notes: coordinates options.
  9. animal — Lemma: animal; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular neuter third declension; Function: alternative subject; Translation: animal; Notes: creature vowed or devoted.
  10. sive — Lemma: sive; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: third alternative marker; Translation: or; Notes: continues series.
  11. ager — Lemma: ager; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine second declension; Function: alternative subject; Translation: field; Notes: landed property under vow.
  12. non — Lemma: non; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: negation; Translation: not; Notes: absolute prohibition.
  13. vendetur — Lemma: vendere; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future passive indicative third conjugation; Function: first prohibited action; Translation: will be sold; Notes: alienation forbidden.
  14. nec — Lemma: nec; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: coordinates negative; Translation: nor; Notes: adds second prohibition.
  15. redimi — Lemma: redimere; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present passive infinitive; Function: complementary infinitive; Translation: to be redeemed; Notes: redemption excluded.
  16. poterit — Lemma: posse; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future active indicative irregular; Function: modal verb; Translation: will be able; Notes: expresses legal impossibility.
  17. Quidquid — Lemma: quidquid; Part of Speech: indefinite pronoun; Form: nominative singular neuter; Function: subject of erit; Translation: whatever; Notes: universalizing term.
  18. semel — Lemma: semel; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: temporal modifier; Translation: once; Notes: denotes irrevocability.
  19. fuerit — Lemma: esse; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future perfect active subjunctive; Function: auxiliary in subordinate clause; Translation: shall have been; Notes: marks completed consecration.
  20. consecratum — Lemma: consecrare; Part of Speech: participle; Form: perfect passive participle nominative singular neuter; Function: predicate participle; Translation: consecrated; Notes: agrees with Quidquid.
  21. sanctum — Lemma: sanctus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative singular neuter; Function: predicate adjective; Translation: holy; Notes: first element of superlative expression.
  22. sanctorum — Lemma: sanctum sanctorum; Part of Speech: noun phrase; Form: genitive plural neuter; Function: dependent genitive; Translation: of holies; Notes: idiom expressing highest degree of holiness.
  23. erit — Lemma: esse; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future active indicative; Function: copulative verb; Translation: will be; Notes: asserts permanent status.
  24. Domino — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: dative singular masculine second declension; Function: dative of reference; Translation: to the LORD; Notes: ultimate divine ownership.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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