Leviticus 27:27

Posted on April 27, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 27:27 Quod si immundum est animal, redimet qui obtulit, iuxta æstimationem tuam, et addet quintam partem pretii: si redimere noluerit, vendetur alteri quantocumque a te fuerit æstimatum.

But if the animal is unclean, he who offered it shall redeem it according to your valuation, and he shall add a fifth part of the price; if he does not wish to redeem it, it shall be sold to another for whatever it shall have been valued by you.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Quod but if CONJ
2 si if CONJ
3 immundum unclean ADJ.NOM.SG.N
4 est is 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
5 animal animal NOUN.NOM.SG.N
6 redimet will redeem 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND
7 qui who PRON.REL.NOM.SG.M
8 obtulit offered 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
9 iuxta according to PREP+ACC
10 æstimationem valuation NOUN.ACC.SG.F
11 tuam your PRON.POSS.ACC.SG.F
12 et and CONJ
13 addet will add 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND
14 quintam fifth ADJ.ACC.SG.F
15 partem part NOUN.ACC.SG.F
16 pretii of price NOUN.GEN.SG.N
17 si if CONJ
18 redimere to redeem PRES.ACT.INF
19 noluerit will not have wished 3SG.FUTP.ACT.SUBJ
20 vendetur will be sold 3SG.FUT.PASS.IND
21 alteri to another PRON.INDEF.DAT.SG.M
22 quantocumque for whatever amount PRON.INDEF.ABL.SG.N
23 a by PREP+ABL
24 te you PRON.PERS.ABL.SG
25 fuerit shall have been 3SG.FUTP.ACT.SUBJ
26 æstimatum valued PERF.PASS.PTCP.NOM.SG.N

Syntax

Conditional Frame: Quod si introduces the case; animal (subject) + est with predicate adjective immundum states the condition.

Main Requirement: redimet (future verb) with agent defined by qui obtulit; standard phrase iuxta æstimationem tuam governs the basis of redemption.

Surcharge Clause: et addet + object quintam partem pretii specifies the added fifth.

Alternative Condition: si redimere noluerit states refusal to redeem.

Result: vendetur + alteri, with price expressed by quantocumque and valuation source by a te fuerit æstimatum.

Morphology

  1. Quod — Lemma: quod; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: introduces conditional; Translation: but if; Notes: links to prior rule while opening an exception.
  2. si — Lemma: si; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: marks condition; Translation: if; Notes: establishes the legal contingency.
  3. immundum — Lemma: immundus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative singular neuter; Function: predicate adjective; Translation: unclean; Notes: designates an animal excluded from sacrificial offering.
  4. est — Lemma: esse; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular present active indicative; Function: copula; Translation: is; Notes: links animal to its status.
  5. animal — Lemma: animal; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular neuter third declension; Function: subject; Translation: animal; Notes: the vowed creature under valuation procedure.
  6. redimet — Lemma: redimere; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future active indicative third conjugation; Function: main verb; Translation: will redeem; Notes: indicates buying back by paying the assessed amount.
  7. qui — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject of obtulit; Translation: who; Notes: identifies the offerer as the redeemer.
  8. obtulit — Lemma: offerre; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular perfect active indicative; Function: verb of relative clause; Translation: offered; Notes: completed presentation of the animal as vowed.
  9. iuxta — Lemma: iuxta; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing accusative; Function: introduces standard; Translation: according to; Notes: sets the rule of valuation as binding.
  10. æstimationem — Lemma: æstimatio; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular feminine third declension; Function: object of iuxta; Translation: valuation; Notes: official assessment serving as redemption price basis.
  11. tuam — Lemma: tuus; Part of Speech: possessive pronoun; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: modifies æstimationem; Translation: your; Notes: addresses the priest as evaluator.
  12. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: links coordinated action; Translation: and; Notes: connects redemption with surcharge.
  13. addet — Lemma: addere; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future active indicative third conjugation; Function: coordinated main verb; Translation: will add; Notes: requires payment beyond the base valuation.
  14. quintam — Lemma: quintus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: modifies partem; Translation: fifth; Notes: specifies one-fifth surcharge.
  15. partem — Lemma: pars; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular feminine third declension; Function: direct object of addet; Translation: part; Notes: portion calculated from the stated price.
  16. pretii — Lemma: pretium; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular neuter second declension; Function: dependent genitive; Translation: of price; Notes: identifies the base amount from which the fifth is computed.
  17. si — Lemma: si; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: introduces alternative condition; Translation: if; Notes: shifts to the case of refusal.
  18. redimere — Lemma: redimere; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active infinitive; Function: complementary infinitive with noluerit; Translation: to redeem; Notes: action being declined.
  19. noluerit — Lemma: nolle; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future perfect active subjunctive; Function: verb of conditional clause; Translation: will not have wished; Notes: legal phrasing for completed refusal in a future setting.
  20. vendetur — Lemma: vendere; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future passive indicative third conjugation; Function: main verb of result clause; Translation: will be sold; Notes: expresses enforced disposition of the animal.
  21. alteri — Lemma: alter; Part of Speech: pronoun/adjective; Form: dative singular masculine; Function: indirect object with vendetur; Translation: to another; Notes: unspecified third-party buyer.
  22. quantocumque — Lemma: quantuscumque; Part of Speech: indefinite adjective; Form: ablative singular neuter; Function: ablative of price; Translation: for whatever amount; Notes: indicates sale price follows the assessor’s valuation, whatever it is.
  23. a — Lemma: a; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing ablative; Function: introduces agent; Translation: by; Notes: identifies the valuing authority.
  24. te — Lemma: tu; Part of Speech: personal pronoun; Form: ablative singular; Function: object of a; Translation: you; Notes: refers to the priest who sets the valuation.
  25. fuerit — Lemma: esse; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future perfect active subjunctive; Function: auxiliary in subordinate clause; Translation: shall have been; Notes: marks valuation as completed before sale.
  26. æstimatum — Lemma: æstimare; Part of Speech: participle; Form: perfect passive participle nominative singular neuter; Function: predicate participle; Translation: valued; Notes: agrees with the implied thing priced, stressing official assessment.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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