Genesis 46:26

Posted on February 15, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Gn 46:26 Cunctæ animæ, quæ ingressæ sunt cum Iacob in Ægyptum, et egressæ sunt de femore illius, absque uxoribus filiorum eius, sexaginta sex.

All the persons who entered with Jacob into Egypt, and who came out of his thigh, apart from the wives of his sons, sixty-six.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Cunctæ all NOM.PL.F
2 animæ persons NOM.PL.F
3 quæ who NOM.PL.F
4 ingressæ entered NOM.PL.F.PART.PERF
5 sunt are 3PL.PRES.ACT.IND
6 cum with PREP+ABL
7 Iacob Jacob ABL.SG.M
8 in into PREP+ACC
9 Ægyptum Egypt ACC.SG.F
10 et and CONJ
11 egressæ went out NOM.PL.F.PART.PERF
12 sunt are 3PL.PRES.ACT.IND
13 de from PREP+ABL
14 femore thigh ABL.SG.N
15 illius of him GEN.SG.M
16 absque apart from PREP+ABL
17 uxoribus wives ABL.PL.F
18 filiorum of the sons GEN.PL.M
19 eius his GEN.SG.M
20 sexaginta sixty NUM.INDECL
21 sex six NUM.INDECL

Syntax

Main Subject: Cunctæ animæ — nominative plural feminine (“all the persons”), governing two relative clauses.
First Relative Clause: quæ ingressæ sunt cum Iacob in Ægyptum — describes those who entered Egypt with Jacob.
Second Relative Clause: et egressæ sunt de femore illius — describes those who came forth from Jacob’s body (i.e., biological descendants).
Prepositional Exclusion: absque uxoribus filiorum eius — excludes the wives of Jacob’s sons from the count.
Numerical Summary: sexaginta sex — final total of counted individuals.

Morphology

  1. Cunctæ — Lemma: cunctus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative plural feminine; Function: modifies animæ; Translation: “all”; Notes: intensifying adjective common in biblical summaries.
  2. animæ — Lemma: anima; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative plural feminine; Function: subject; Translation: “persons”; Notes: used idiomatically for “individuals.”
  3. quæ — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative plural feminine; Function: subject of both relative clauses; Translation: “who”; Notes: agrees with animæ.
  4. ingressæ — Lemma: ingredior; Part of Speech: verb (participle); Form: nominative plural feminine perfect participle; Function: predicate in the first relative clause; Translation: “entered”; Notes: deponent verb with active meaning.
  5. sunt — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person plural present active indicative; Function: auxiliary with participle; Translation: “are”; Notes: forms perfect passive construction.
  6. cum — Lemma: cum; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: introduces accompaniment phrase; Translation: “with”; Notes: standard accompaniment preposition.
  7. Iacob — Lemma: Iacob; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: ablative singular masculine; Function: object of cum; Translation: “Jacob”; Notes: patriarch accompanying the persons.
  8. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: expresses motion toward; Translation: “into”; Notes: indicates movement to Egypt.
  9. Ægyptum — Lemma: Ægyptus; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: object of in; Translation: “Egypt”; Notes: place to which the movement occurs.
  10. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: connects two relative predicates; Translation: “and”; Notes: parallel structure marker.
  11. egressæ — Lemma: egredior; Part of Speech: verb (participle); Form: nominative plural feminine perfect participle; Function: second predicate participle; Translation: “went out”; Notes: second deponent participle with active meaning.
  12. sunt — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person plural present active indicative; Function: auxiliary verb; Translation: “are”; Notes: forms perfect sense with participle.
  13. de — Lemma: de; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: expresses origin; Translation: “from”; Notes: marks source or lineage.
  14. femore — Lemma: femur; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular neuter; Function: object of de; Translation: “thigh”; Notes: idiom meaning physical descent.
  15. illius — Lemma: ille; Part of Speech: demonstrative pronoun; Form: genitive singular masculine; Function: possessor of femore; Translation: “of him”; Notes: refers back to Jacob.
  16. absque — Lemma: absque; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: introduces exclusion; Translation: “apart from”; Notes: strong preposition of exception.
  17. uxoribus — Lemma: uxor; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural feminine; Function: object of absque; Translation: “wives”; Notes: excluded group not counted in the total.
  18. filiorum — Lemma: filius; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive plural masculine; Function: possessive modifying uxoribus; Translation: “of the sons”; Notes: refers to Jacob’s sons.
  19. eius — Lemma: eius; Part of Speech: possessive pronoun; Form: genitive singular masculine; Function: specifies possession of filiorum; Translation: “his”; Notes: refers back to Jacob.
  20. sexaginta — Lemma: sexaginta; Part of Speech: numeral; Form: indeclinable; Function: part of the total count; Translation: “sixty”; Notes: first numeral of composite total.
  21. sex — Lemma: sex; Part of Speech: numeral; Form: indeclinable; Function: second numeral in the composite “sixty-six”; Translation: “six”; Notes: completes the total.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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