Exodus 5:20

Posted on February 24, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 5:20 Occurreruntque Moysi et Aaron, qui stabant ex adverso, egredientibus a Pharaone:

And they met Moyses and Aaron, who were standing opposite, as they were coming out from Pharao;

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Occurreruntque and they met 3PL.PERF.ACT.IND + -QUE
2 Moysi Moses DAT.SG.M
3 et and CONJ
4 Aaron Aaron DAT.SG.M (indeclinable)
5 qui who REL.PRON.NOM.PL.M
6 stabant were standing 3PL.IMPFT.ACT.IND
7 ex from PREP+ABL
8 adverso opposite ABL.SG.N
9 egredientibus as they were going out PRES.DEP.PART.ABL.PL.M
10 a from PREP+ABL
11 Pharaone Pharaoh ABL.SG.M

Syntax

Main clause: Occurreruntque Moysi et Aaron — perfect tense indicating a completed encounter, with dative of the persons met.
Relative clause: qui stabant ex adverso — describes Moses and Aaron positioned “opposite,” likely awaiting the overseers.
Temporal/attendant circumstance: egredientibus a Pharaone — ablative absolute describing the overseers’ condition as they exited Pharaoh’s presence.
Prepositional phrase: a Pharaone — indicates the source of departure.

Morphology

    1. Occurreruntque — Lemma: occurro; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person plural perfect active indicative with enclitic -que; Function: main verb; Translation: and they met; Notes: -que links to previous narrative sequence.
    2. Moysi — Lemma: Moyses; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: dative singular masculine; Function: indirect object of Occurrerunt; Translation: Moses; Notes: meets the dative requirement of occurro.
    3. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Function: connects Moysi and Aaron; Translation: and; Notes: simple coordinator.
    4. Aaron — Lemma: Aaron; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: dative singular masculine (indeclinable); Function: indirect object; Translation: Aaron; Notes: paired with Moses.
    5. qui — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative plural masculine; Function: subject of stabant; Translation: who; Notes: refers to Moses and Aaron.
    6. stabant — Lemma: sto; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person plural imperfect active indicative; Function: verb of relative clause; Translation: were standing; Notes: continuous posture.
    7. ex — Lemma: ex; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: introduces adverbial phrase; Translation: from; Notes: idiomatically “opposite.”
    8. adverso — Lemma: adversum; Part of Speech: noun/adjective used adverbially; Form: ablative singular neuter; Function: object of ex; Translation: opposite; Notes: spatial opposition.
    9. egredientibus — Lemma: egredior; Part of Speech: participle (deponent); Form: present deponent participle ablative plural masculine; Function: ablative absolute; Translation: as they were going out; Notes: describes circumstances of the overseers.
    10. a — Lemma: a; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: expresses source; Translation: from; Notes: standard directional meaning.
    11. Pharaone — Lemma: Pharao; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular masculine; Function: object of a; Translation: Pharaoh; Notes: denotes the ruler they just left.

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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