Exodus 6:1

Posted on February 25, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 6:1 Dixitque Dominus ad Moysen: Nunc videbis quæ facturus sim Pharaoni: per manum enim fortem dimittet eos, et in manu robusta eiiciet illos de terra sua.

And the LORD said to Moyses: “Now you will see what I will do to Pharao, for with a strong hand he will send them out, and with a mighty hand he will drive them from his land.”

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Dixitque and said 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND + -QUE
2 Dominus the LORD NOM.SG.M
3 ad to PREP+ACC
4 Moysen Moses ACC.SG.M
5 Nunc now ADV
6 videbis you will see 2SG.FUT.ACT.IND
7 quæ what things ACC.PL.N.REL.PRON
8 facturus about to do NOM.SG.M.FUT.ACT.PART
9 sim I may be 1SG.PRES.ACT.SUBJ
10 Pharaoni to Pharaoh DAT.SG.M
11 per by / through PREP+ACC
12 manum hand ACC.SG.F
13 enim for PART
14 fortem strong ACC.SG.F
15 dimittet he will send away 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND
16 eos them ACC.PL.M
17 et and CONJ
18 in in PREP+ABL
19 manu hand ABL.SG.F
20 robusta mighty ABL.SG.F
21 eiiciet he will drive out 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND
22 illos them ACC.PL.M
23 de from PREP+ABL
24 terra land ABL.SG.F
25 sua his ABL.SG.F

Syntax

Main clause: Dixitque Dominus ad Moysen — narrative introduction of divine speech addressed to Moses.
Declarative future: Nunc videbis — marks a shift: Moses will soon witness YHWH’s actions.
Object clause: quæ facturus sim Pharaoni — future active participle + subjunctive expressing intended divine action toward Pharaoh.
Causal explanation: per manum enim fortem dimittet eos — the strong hand indicates force compelling Pharaoh.
Coordinated result: et in manu robusta eiiciet illos de terra sua — intensifies the notion of expulsion with another ablative of means.

Morphology

  1. Dixitque — Lemma: dico; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular perfect active indicative with enclitic -que; Function: main narrative verb; Translation: and said; Notes: -que attaches to signal continuity.
  2. Dominus — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject; Translation: the LORD; Notes: refers to YHWH, therefore “LORD.”
  3. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: indicates direction of speech; Translation: to; Notes: common with verbs of speaking.
  4. Moysen — Lemma: Moyses; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: object of ad; Translation: Moses; Notes: recipient of revelation.
  5. Nunc — Lemma: nunc; Part of Speech: adverb; Function: temporal marker; Translation: now; Notes: contrasts Moses’ complaint in the previous verse.
  6. videbis — Lemma: video; Part of Speech: verb; Form: second person singular future active indicative; Function: verb of divine reassurance; Translation: you will see; Notes: future promise.
  7. quæ — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: accusative plural neuter; Function: object of facturus sim; Translation: what things; Notes: anticipates divine actions.
  8. facturus — Lemma: facio; Part of Speech: participle; Form: nominative singular masculine future active participle; Function: complements sim; Translation: about to do; Notes: expresses imminence.
  9. sim — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: first person singular present active subjunctive; Function: completes periphrastic future sense; Translation: I may be; Notes: subordinate to videbis.
  10. Pharaoni — Lemma: Pharao; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: dative singular masculine; Function: indirect object; Translation: to Pharaoh; Notes: recipient of divine acts.
  11. per — Lemma: per; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: means/instrument; Translation: by / through; Notes: emphasis on force.
  12. manum — Lemma: manus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: object of per; Translation: hand; Notes: metaphor for power.
  13. enim — Lemma: enim; Part of Speech: particle; Function: explanatory; Translation: for; Notes: supports previous promise.
  14. fortem — Lemma: fortis; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: modifies manum; Translation: strong; Notes: emphasizes coercion.
  15. dimittet — Lemma: dimitto; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future active indicative; Function: main verb; Translation: he will send away; Notes: reluctant obedience of Pharaoh.
  16. eos — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: accusative plural masculine; Function: object of dimittet; Translation: them; Notes: refers to the Israelites.
  17. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Function: coordinates actions; Translation: and; Notes: intensifies parallel thought.
  18. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: expresses means; Translation: in; Notes: idiomatic “by a mighty hand.”
  19. manu — Lemma: manus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: object of in; Translation: hand; Notes: parallel to earlier phrase.
  20. robusta — Lemma: robustus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: modifies manu; Translation: mighty; Notes: denotes overwhelming force.
  21. eiiciet — Lemma: eiicio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future active indicative; Function: main verb; Translation: he will drive out; Notes: stronger than “dismiss.”
  22. illos — Lemma: ille; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: accusative plural masculine; Function: object of eiiciet; Translation: them; Notes: emphatic demonstrative.
  23. de — Lemma: de; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: expresses separation; Translation: from; Notes: standard usage.
  24. terra — Lemma: terra; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: object of de; Translation: land; Notes: Pharaoh’s domain.
  25. sua — Lemma: suus; Part of Speech: possessive adjective; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: modifies terra; Translation: his; Notes: reflexive to Pharaoh.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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