Genesis 3:21

Posted on January 3, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Gn 3:21 Fecit quoque Dominus Deus Adæ et uxori eius tunicas pelliceas, et induit eos:

And the LORD God made for Adam and his wife garments of skins, and clothed them.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Fecit made 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
2 quoque also ADV
3 Dominus LORD NOM.SG.M
4 Deus God NOM.SG.M
5 Adæ to Adam DAT.SG.M
6 et and CONJ
7 uxori to (his) wife DAT.SG.F
8 eius his GEN.SG.M.PRON
9 tunicas garments ACC.PL.F
10 pelliceas of skins ACC.PL.F.ADJ
11 et and CONJ
12 induit clothed 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
13 eos them ACC.PL.M.PRON

Syntax

Main Clause: Fecit quoque Dominus Deus Adæ et uxori eius tunicas pelliceas — “And the LORD God also made for Adam and his wife garments of skins.”
The subject Dominus Deus is emphasized by placement before the indirect objects Adæ and uxori eius. The direct object tunicas pelliceas receives the action of fecit.

Coordinated Clause: et induit eos — “and clothed them.”
The conjunction et joins the subsequent act of mercy, with eos referring to both Adam and his wife. The perfect tense marks completed divine provision and care after their fall.

Morphology

  1. Fecit — Lemma: facio; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: Perfect active indicative 3rd singular; Function: Main verb; Translation: “made”; Notes: Expresses a completed divine act of creation or craftsmanship.
  2. quoque — Lemma: quoque; Part of Speech: Adverb; Form: Indeclinable; Function: Adds emphasis to the verb; Translation: “also”; Notes: Highlights an additional benevolent act by the LORD.
  3. Dominus — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: Nominative singular masculine; Function: Subject; Translation: “LORD”; Notes: Refers to YHWH, the covenantal God of Israel.
  4. Deus — Lemma: Deus; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: Nominative singular masculine; Function: Apposition to Dominus; Translation: “God”; Notes: Clarifies divine identity and unity with Dominus.
  5. Adæ — Lemma: Adam; Part of Speech: Proper noun; Form: Dative singular masculine; Function: Indirect object; Translation: “to Adam”; Notes: Recipient of divine provision.
  6. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: Indeclinable; Function: Coordination; Translation: “and”; Notes: Joins Adæ and uxori eius as joint recipients.
  7. uxori — Lemma: uxor; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: Dative singular feminine; Function: Indirect object; Translation: “to (his) wife”; Notes: Completes the pair of beneficiaries.
  8. eius — Lemma: is, ea, id; Part of Speech: Pronoun; Form: Genitive singular masculine; Function: Possessive modifier; Translation: “his”; Notes: Refers reflexively to Adam.
  9. tunicas — Lemma: tunica; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: Accusative plural feminine; Function: Direct object of fecit; Translation: “garments”; Notes: Simple clothing in the ancient Near Eastern context.
  10. pelliceas — Lemma: pelliceus; Part of Speech: Adjective; Form: Accusative plural feminine; Function: Modifies tunicas; Translation: “of skins”; Notes: Indicates animal hides, possibly symbolic of atonement or mortality.
  11. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: Indeclinable; Function: Coordinates second clause; Translation: “and”; Notes: Links divine action to the result.
  12. induit — Lemma: induo; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: Perfect active indicative 3rd singular; Function: Main verb of second clause; Translation: “clothed”; Notes: Expresses divine care and restoration of dignity.
  13. eos — Lemma: is, ea, id; Part of Speech: Pronoun; Form: Accusative plural masculine; Function: Direct object of induit; Translation: “them”; Notes: Refers jointly to Adam and his wife.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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