Exodus 7:3

Posted on February 26, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 7:3 Sed ego indurabo cor eius, et multiplicabo signa et ostenta mea in Terra Ægypti,

But I will harden his heart, and I will multiply my signs and my wonders in the Land of Egypt,

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Sed but CONJ
2 ego I NOM.SG.PRON
3 indurabo I will harden 1SG.FUT.ACT.IND
4 cor heart ACC.SG.N
5 eius his GEN.SG.PRON
6 et and CONJ
7 multiplicabo I will multiply 1SG.FUT.ACT.IND
8 signa signs ACC.PL.N
9 et and CONJ
10 ostenta wonders ACC.PL.N
11 mea my ACC.PL.N.POSS
12 in in PREP+ABL
13 Terra the land ABL.SG.F
14 Ægypti of Egypt GEN.SG.F

Syntax

Main clause 1:
Sed ego indurabo cor eius —
Sed contrasts with previous context;
ego (emphatic subject) + indurabo (future verb) + cor eius (object + possessive).

Main clause 2:
et multiplicabo signa et ostenta mea —
multiplicabo (verb) governs two coordinated objects: signa and ostenta mea.

in Terra Ægypti — place where the signs and wonders will be displayed.

Morphology

  1. Sed — Lemma: sed; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: adversative connector; Translation: but; Notes: marks contrast with previous promise.
  2. ego — Lemma: ego; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: nominative singular; Function: subject; Translation: I; Notes: emphatic pronoun stressing divine agency.
  3. indurabo — Lemma: induro; Part of Speech: verb; Form: first person singular future active indicative; Function: main verb; Translation: I will harden; Notes: expresses divine judicial action.
  4. cor — Lemma: cor; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: direct object; Translation: heart; Notes: metaphor for will or resolve.
  5. eius — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: genitive singular; Function: possessive modifier; Translation: his; Notes: refers to Pharaoh.
  6. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: coordinates clauses; Translation: and; Notes: connects second divine action.
  7. multiplicabo — Lemma: multiplico; Part of Speech: verb; Form: first person singular future active indicative; Function: main verb of second clause; Translation: I will multiply; Notes: Hebrew concept of increasing wonders is mirrored.
  8. signa — Lemma: signum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural neuter; Function: direct object; Translation: signs; Notes: refers to miraculous indications.
  9. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: links objects; Translation: and; Notes: joins coordinated nouns.
  10. ostenta — Lemma: ostentum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural neuter; Function: direct object; Translation: wonders; Notes: stronger term than “signa.”
  11. mea — Lemma: meus; Part of Speech: possessive adjective; Form: accusative plural neuter; Function: modifies ostenta; Translation: my; Notes: agrees in case, number, gender.
  12. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: introduces locative expression; Translation: in; Notes: marks location of divine acts.
  13. Terra — Lemma: terra; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: object of in; Translation: the land; Notes: standard geographical usage.
  14. Ægypti — Lemma: Ægyptus; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: genitive singular feminine; Function: modifies Terra; Translation: of Egypt; Notes: preserves Clementine spelling with Æ.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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