Exodus 8:13

Posted on February 27, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 8:13 Fecitque Dominus iuxta verbum Moysi: et mortuæ sunt ranæ de domibus, et de villis, et de agris.

And the LORD did according to the word of Moyses, and the frogs died from the houses, and from the villages, and from the fields.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Fecitque and he did 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
2 Dominus the LORD NOM.SG.M
3 iuxta according to PREP+ACC
4 verbum word ACC.SG.N
5 Moysi of Moses GEN.SG.M
6 et and CONJ
7 mortuæ died NOM.PL.F.PTCP.PERF.PASS
8 sunt they are 3PL.PERF.ACT.IND
9 ranæ frogs NOM.PL.F
10 de from PREP+ABL
11 domibus houses ABL.PL.F
12 et and CONJ
13 de from PREP+ABL
14 villis villages ABL.PL.F
15 et and CONJ
16 de from PREP+ABL
17 agris fields ABL.PL.M

Syntax

Main clause:
• Subject: Dominus
• Verb: Fecitque
• Prepositional phrase: iuxta verbum Moysi — expresses conformity to Moses’ request.

Second clause:
• Verb phrase: mortuæ sunt
• Subject: ranæ
• Ablatives of origin/separation:
– de domibus
– de villis
– de agris
Indicating the places from which dead frogs were removed.

Morphology

  1. Fecitque — Lemma: facio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 3rd person singular perfect active indicative with enclitic -que; Function: main verb of the first clause; Translation: and he did; Notes: -que joins this action to the narrative sequence.
  2. Dominus — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject; Translation: the LORD; Notes: refers to YHWH performing the requested act.
  3. iuxta — Lemma: iuxta; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: indicates accordance; Translation: according to; Notes: frequently used to show compliance with a directive.
  4. verbum — Lemma: verbum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: object of iuxta; Translation: word; Notes: refers to Moses’ spoken request.
  5. Moysi — Lemma: Moyses; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: genitive singular masculine; Function: possessor/genitive of relation; Translation: of Moses; Notes: identifies whose word is followed.
  6. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: introduces second clause; Translation: and; Notes: signals narrative continuation.
  7. mortuæ — Lemma: morior; Part of Speech: participle; Form: nominative plural feminine perfect passive participle; Function: part of periphrastic passive; Translation: died; Notes: agrees with ranæ.
  8. sunt — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 3rd person plural perfect indicative active; Function: auxiliary of periphrastic verb; Translation: they are; Notes: forms perfect with participle.
  9. ranæ — Lemma: rana; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative plural feminine; Function: subject of mortuæ sunt; Translation: frogs; Notes: refers to the frogs of the plague.
  10. de — Lemma: de; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: expresses origin/separation; Translation: from; Notes: common with locations emptied of something.
  11. domibus — Lemma: domus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural feminine; Function: object of de; Translation: houses; Notes: Egyptian homes infested by frogs.
  12. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: coordinates next ablative phrase; Translation: and; Notes: continues list of locations.
  13. de — Lemma: de; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: marks another location; Translation: from; Notes: same semantic force as prior.
  14. villis — Lemma: villa; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural feminine; Function: object of de; Translation: villages; Notes: rural dwellings also affected by frogs.
  15. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: links final ablative phrase; Translation: and; Notes: simple sequential connector.
  16. de — Lemma: de; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: introduces last location; Translation: from; Notes: same construction repeated for emphasis.
  17. agris — Lemma: ager; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural masculine; Function: object of de; Translation: fields; Notes: refers to open land infested during the plague.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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