Exodus 8:12

Posted on February 27, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 8:12 Egressique sunt Moyses et Aaron a Pharaone: et clamavit Moyses ad Dominum pro sponsione ranarum quam condixerat Pharaoni.

And Moyses and Aaron went out from Pharao, and Moyses cried to the LORD concerning the promise of the frogs which he had agreed upon with Pharao.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Egressique and having gone out NOM.PL.M.PTCP.PERF.ACT
2 sunt they were 3PL.PERF.ACT.IND
3 Moyses Moses NOM.SG.M
4 et and CONJ
5 Aaron Aaron NOM.SG.M
6 a from PREP+ABL
7 Pharaone Pharaoh ABL.SG.M
8 et and CONJ
9 clamavit he cried 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
10 Moyses Moses NOM.SG.M
11 ad to PREP+ACC
12 Dominum the LORD ACC.SG.M
13 pro concerning PREP+ABL
14 sponsione promise ABL.SG.F
15 ranarum of the frogs GEN.PL.F
16 quam which ACC.SG.F.REL
17 condixerat he had agreed upon 3SG.PLUPERF.ACT.IND
18 Pharaoni to Pharaoh DAT.SG.M

Syntax

Main clause 1:
• Subject: Moyses + Aaron
• Verb phrase: Egressique sunt
• Prepositional phrase: a Pharaone — ablative of separation.

Main clause 2:
• Subject: Moyses
• Verb: clamavit
• Goal phrase: ad Dominum
• Prepositional phrase: pro sponsione ranarum — expressing the matter about which Moses cried.
• Relative clause: quam condixerat Pharaoni — modifies sponsione.

Morphology

  1. Egressique — Lemma: egredior; Part of Speech: participle; Form: nominative plural masculine perfect active participle; Function: modifies Moyses and Aaron; Translation: having gone out; Notes: -que is enclitic linking the participle to the previous narrative unit.
  2. sunt — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 3rd person plural perfect indicative active; Function: auxiliary with the deponent participle; Translation: they were; Notes: completes the perfect periphrasis.
  3. Moyses — Lemma: Moyses; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject; Translation: Moses; Notes: first of two coordinated subjects.
  4. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: joins coordinated subjects; Translation: and; Notes: simple connective.
  5. Aaron — Lemma: Aaron; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: coordinated subject; Translation: Aaron; Notes: pairs with Moses in action.
  6. a — Lemma: a/ab; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: marks separation; Translation: from; Notes: used commonly with persons.
  7. Pharaone — Lemma: Pharao; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular masculine; Function: object of a; Translation: Pharaoh; Notes: indicates the authority they departed from.
  8. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: joins the next clause; Translation: and; Notes: moves narrative forward.
  9. clamavit — Lemma: clamo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 3rd person singular perfect active indicative; Function: main verb; Translation: he cried; Notes: prayerful or urgent appeal.
  10. Moyses — Lemma: Moyses; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject of clamavit; Translation: Moses; Notes: independent subject of the second clause.
  11. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: indicates direction toward; Translation: to; Notes: marks the recipient of the cry.
  12. Dominum — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: object of ad; Translation: the LORD; Notes: refers to YHWH in prayer.
  13. pro — Lemma: pro; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: expresses concern about; Translation: concerning; Notes: introduces the subject of Moses’ petition.
  14. sponsione — Lemma: sponsio; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: object of pro; Translation: promise; Notes: specifically Pharaoh’s promised release from frogs.
  15. ranarum — Lemma: rana; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive plural feminine; Function: modifies sponsione; Translation: of the frogs; Notes: identifies the content of the promise.
  16. quam — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: object of condixerat; Translation: which; Notes: agrees with sponsione.
  17. condixerat — Lemma: condico; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 3rd person singular pluperfect active indicative; Function: verb of the relative clause; Translation: he had agreed upon; Notes: expresses prior agreement regarding the frogs.
  18. Pharaoni — Lemma: Pharao; Part of Speech: noun; Form: dative singular masculine; Function: indirect object of condixerat; Translation: to Pharaoh; Notes: shows the direction of the promise.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
This entry was posted in Exodus. Bookmark the permalink.

Comments are closed.