Exodus 18:13

Posted on March 9, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 18:13 Altera autem die sedit Moyses ut iudicaret populum, qui assistebat Moysi a mane usque ad vesperam.

But on the next day Moyses sat to judge the people, and the people stood by Moyses from morning until evening.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Altera the next ADJ.NOM.SG.F
2 autem however / but CONJ
3 die day NOUN.ABL.SG.F
4 sedit sat 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
5 Moyses Moses NOUN.NOM.SG.M
6 ut to / in order to CONJ
7 iudicaret he might judge 3SG.IMP.ACT.SUBJ
8 populum the people NOUN.ACC.SG.M
9 qui who PRON.REL.NOM.SG.M
10 assistebat was standing by 3SG.IMP.ACT.IND
11 Moysi to Moses NOUN.DAT.SG.M
12 a from PREP+ABL
13 mane morning NOUN.ABL.SG.N
14 usque until PREP+ACC
15 ad to PREP+ACC
16 vesperam evening NOUN.ACC.SG.F

Syntax

Temporal Phrase:
Altera autem die — ablative of time: “on the next day.”

Main Clause:
sedit Moyses — perfect indicative; Moses as subject.

Purpose Clause:
ut iudicaret populum — ut + imperfect subjunctive expresses intended purpose: “so that he might judge the people.”

Relative Clause:
qui assistebat Moysi — describes “populum”; imperfect continuous action: “who was standing by Moses.”

Temporal Extent Phrase:
a mane usque ad vesperam — “from morning until evening.”

Morphology

  1. Altera — Lemma: alter; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative singular feminine; Function: modifies die; Translation: the next; Notes: ordinal/contrastive.
  2. autem — Lemma: autem; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: contrastive connector; Translation: however / but; Notes: soft adversative.
  3. die — Lemma: dies; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: ablative of time; Translation: day; Notes: context sets temporal frame.
  4. sedit — Lemma: sedeo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: perfect active indicative 3rd singular; Function: main verb; Translation: sat; Notes: narrative perfect.
  5. Moyses — Lemma: Moyses; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject; Translation: Moses; Notes: proper name.
  6. ut — Lemma: ut; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: introduces purpose clause; Translation: to / in order to; Notes: governs subjunctive.
  7. iudicaret — Lemma: iudico; Part of Speech: verb; Form: imperfect active subjunctive 3rd singular; Function: verb of purpose clause; Translation: he might judge; Notes: imperfect for intended ongoing action.
  8. populum — Lemma: populus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: direct object; Translation: the people; Notes: judicial subjects.
  9. qui — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: introduces relative clause; Translation: who; Notes: refers to populum.
  10. assistebat — Lemma: assisto; Part of Speech: verb; Form: imperfect active indicative 3rd singular; Function: verb of relative clause; Translation: was standing by; Notes: continuous past action.
  11. Moysi — Lemma: Moyses; Part of Speech: noun; Form: dative singular masculine; Function: indirect object / object of assisto; Translation: to Moses; Notes: beneficiary/supportive stance.
  12. a — Lemma: a/ab; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: expresses beginning of time span; Translation: from; Notes: temporal usage.
  13. mane — Lemma: mane; Part of Speech: noun (indeclinable); Form: ablative singular; Function: object of a; Translation: morning; Notes: time-of-day form.
  14. usque — Lemma: usque; Part of Speech: preposition/adverb; Form: governs ad + acc; Function: expresses extent; Translation: until; Notes: requires following preposition.
  15. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: completes usque construction; Translation: to; Notes: directional/time limit.
  16. vesperam — Lemma: vespera; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: object of ad; Translation: evening; Notes: completes time-span expression.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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