Exodus 22:6

Posted on March 13, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 22:6 Si egressus ignis invenerit spinas, et comprehenderit acervos frugum, sive stantes segetes in agris, reddet damnum qui ignem succenderit.

If fire goes out and finds thorns, and it catches the piles of grain, or the standing crops in the fields, he who has kindled the fire shall make restitution for the damage.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Si if CONJ
2 egressus having gone out NOM.SG.M.PPP
3 ignis fire NOM.SG.M
4 invenerit finds 3SG.FUTPERF.ACT.IND
5 spinas thorns ACC.PL.F
6 et and CONJ
7 comprehenderit seizes 3SG.FUTPERF.ACT.IND
8 acervos piles ACC.PL.M
9 frugum of grain GEN.PL.F
10 sive or CONJ
11 stantes standing ACC.PL.F.PRES.ACT.PTCP
12 segetes crops ACC.PL.F
13 in in PREP+ABL
14 agris fields ABL.PL.M
15 reddet shall restore 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND
16 damnum damage ACC.SG.N
17 qui he who NOM.SG.M.REL
18 ignem fire ACC.SG.M
19 succenderit has kindled 3SG.FUTPERF.ACT.IND

Syntax

Protasis: egressus ignis invenerit spinas — conditional clause describing accidental spread of fire
Additional Condition: et comprehenderit acervos frugum — fire catches stored grain
Alternate Condition: sive stantes segetes in agris — or catches standing crops
Apodosis: reddet damnum — main clause expressing legal obligation
Relative Clause: qui ignem succenderit — identifies the liable party

Morphology

  1. Si — Lemma: si; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: conditional; Function: Introduces protasis; Translation: “if”; Notes: standard legal conditional.
  2. egressus — Lemma: egredior; Part of Speech: Participle; Form: NOM.SG.M.PPP; Function: Modifies ignis; Translation: “having gone out”; Notes: deponent verb with passive form.
  3. ignis — Lemma: ignis; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: NOM.SG.M; Function: Subject; Translation: “fire”; Notes: masculine i-stem noun.
  4. invenerit — Lemma: invenio; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: 3SG.FUTPERF.ACT.IND; Function: Verb of condition; Translation: “finds”; Notes: future perfect common in legal stipulations.
  5. spinas — Lemma: spina; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: ACC.PL.F; Function: Direct object; Translation: “thorns”; Notes: common fuel for fire spread.
  6. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: coordinating; Function: Links actions; Translation: “and”; Notes: additive.
  7. comprehenderit — Lemma: comprehendo; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: 3SG.FUTPERF.ACT.IND; Function: Verb; Translation: “seizes,” “catches”; Notes: describes fire spreading.
  8. acervos — Lemma: acervus; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: ACC.PL.M; Function: Object of comprehenderit; Translation: “piles”; Notes: refers to gathered grain heaps.
  9. frugum — Lemma: frux; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: GEN.PL.F; Function: Possessive genitive; Translation: “of grain”; Notes: genitive of material.
  10. sive — Lemma: sive; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: alternative; Function: Introduces alternate case; Translation: “or”; Notes: legal alternation.
  11. stantes — Lemma: sto; Part of Speech: Participle; Form: ACC.PL.F.PRES.ACT.PTCP; Function: Modifier of segetes; Translation: “standing”; Notes: describes crops still attached to the earth.
  12. segetes — Lemma: seges; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: ACC.PL.F; Function: Object; Translation: “crops”; Notes: cultivated fields.
  13. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: PREP+ABL; Function: Spatial marker; Translation: “in”; Notes: governs agris.
  14. agris — Lemma: ager; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: ABL.PL.M; Function: Object of in; Translation: “fields”; Notes: locative ablative.
  15. reddet — Lemma: reddo; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND; Function: Main verb; Translation: “he shall restore”; Notes: expresses legal obligation.
  16. damnum — Lemma: damnum; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: ACC.SG.N; Function: Direct object; Translation: “damage”; Notes: technical legal term.
  17. qui — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: Pronoun; Form: NOM.SG.M.REL; Function: Subject of relative clause; Translation: “he who”; Notes: identifies responsible party.
  18. ignem — Lemma: ignis; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: ACC.SG.M; Function: Object of succenderit; Translation: “fire”; Notes: direct object.
  19. succenderit — Lemma: succendo; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: 3SG.FUTPERF.ACT.IND; Function: Verb of relative clause; Translation: “has kindled”; Notes: identifies cause of the damage.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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