Exodus 23:3

Posted on March 14, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

3 Pauperis quoque non misereberis in iudicio.

You shall not show pity even to the poor man in judgment.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Pauperis of the poor man GEN.SG.M 3RD DECL
2 quoque also / even ADV
3 non not ADV
4 misereberis you shall have pity 2SG.FUT.DEP.IND
5 in in PREP+ABL
6 iudicio judgment ABL.SG.N 2ND DECL

Syntax

Main Clause: non misereberis — deponent verb with negation.
Pauperis quoque — genitive object of the verb, “even of the poor man.”
in iudicio — ablative of location, “in judgment,” expressing legal context.

Morphology

  1. Pauperis — Lemma: pauper; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular masculine, 3rd declension; Function: objective genitive with misereberis; Translation: of the poor man; Notes: indicates the person toward whom pity would be shown.
  2. quoque — Lemma: quoque; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: adds emphasis (“also / even”); Translation: also / even; Notes: modifies Pauperis, indicating “even the poor man.”
  3. non — Lemma: non; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: negator; Translation: not; Notes: negates misereberis.
  4. misereberis — Lemma: misereor; Part of Speech: verb (deponent); Form: future indicative, 2nd person singular; Function: main verb; Translation: you shall have pity; Notes: deponent in form but active in meaning; governs the genitive.
  5. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: introduces locative phrase; Translation: in; Notes: specifies the legal setting.
  6. iudicio — Lemma: iudicium; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular neuter, 2nd declension; Function: object of in; Translation: judgment; Notes: denotes the judicial context in which impartiality is required.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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