Exodus 23:10

Posted on March 14, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

10 Sex annis seminabis terram tuam, et congregabis fruges eius.

For six years you shall sow your land and gather its produce.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Sex six INDECL NUM
2 annis years ABL.PL.M 2ND DECL
3 seminabis you will sow 2SG.FUT.ACT.IND
4 terram land ACC.SG.F 1ST DECL
5 tuam your ACC.SG.F POSS
6 et and CONJ
7 congregabis you will gather 2SG.FUT.ACT.IND
8 fruges produce / crops ACC.PL.F 5TH DECL
9 eius of it GEN.SG PRON DEM

Syntax

Temporal Phrase: Sex annis — ablative of time: “for six years.”
Main Clause 1: seminabis terram tuam — “you shall sow your land,” with terram tuam as the direct object.
Main Clause 2 (coordinated): et congregabis fruges eius — “and you shall gather its produce,” with eius modifying fruges.

Morphology

  1. Sex — Lemma: sex; Part of Speech: numeral; Form: invariable; Function: modifies annis; Translation: six; Notes: indeclinable Latin cardinal number.
  2. annis — Lemma: annus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural masculine, 2nd declension; Function: ablative of time; Translation: years; Notes: denotes duration of activity.
  3. seminabis — Lemma: semino; Part of Speech: verb; Form: future active indicative, 2nd person singular; Function: main verb; Translation: you will sow; Notes: expresses agricultural command.
  4. terram — Lemma: terra; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular feminine, 1st declension; Function: direct object of seminabis; Translation: land; Notes: refers to the cultivated field.
  5. tuam — Lemma: tuus; Part of Speech: possessive pronoun; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: modifies terram; Translation: your; Notes: agrees in case, number, and gender.
  6. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: links two coordinated clauses; Translation: and; Notes: common connective in legal instructions.
  7. congregabis — Lemma: congrego; Part of Speech: verb; Form: future active indicative, 2nd person singular; Function: main verb; Translation: you will gather; Notes: parallels seminabis.
  8. fruges — Lemma: frux; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural feminine, 5th declension; Function: direct object of congregabis; Translation: produce / crops; Notes: agricultural terminology.
  9. eius — Lemma: is, ea, id; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: genitive singular; Function: possessive genitive; Translation: of it; Notes: refers back to terram.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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