Exodus 24:9

Posted on March 15, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 24:9 Ascenderuntque Moyses et Aaron, Nadab et Abiu, et septuaginta de senioribus Israel:

And Moyses and Aaron, Nadab and Abiu, and seventy of the elders of Israel went up;

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Ascenderuntque and they went up 3PL.PERF.ACT.IND + CONJ
2 Moyses Moses NOM.SG.M 2ND DECL
3 et and CONJ
4 Aaron Aaron NOM.SG.M INDECL
5 Nadab Nadab NOM.SG.M INDECL
6 et and CONJ
7 Abiu Abihu NOM.SG.M INDECL
8 et and CONJ
9 septuaginta seventy INDECL.NUM
10 de of / from PREP+ABL
11 senioribus elders ABL.PL.M 3RD DECL
12 Israel Israel ABL.SG.M INDECL

Syntax

Main Action:
Ascenderuntque Moyses et Aaron, Nadab et Abiu, et septuaginta de senioribus Israel —
“And Moses and Aaron, Nadab and Abiu, and seventy of the elders of Israel went up.”

• Ascenderunt = main verb (perfect).
• Moyses … Aaron … Nadab … Abiu = compound subject.
• septuaginta de senioribus Israel = “seventy from the elders of Israel,” ablative after de indicating partitive origin.

The entire verse forms one coordinated subject followed by a single verb indicating ascent toward the divine presence.

Morphology

  1. Ascenderuntque — Lemma: ascendo + -que; Part of Speech: verb + enclitic; Form: perfect active indicative, 3rd plural; Function: main narrative verb; Translation: and they went up; Notes: -que attaches to the verb, binding the action to the preceding context.
  2. Moyses — Lemma: Moyses; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject; Translation: Moses; Notes: leader, named first.
  3. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: joins compound subjects.
  4. Aaron — Lemma: Aaron; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine (indeclinable); Function: subject; Translation: Aaron; Notes: proper name.
  5. Nadab — Lemma: Nadab; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine (indeclinable); Function: subject; Translation: Nadab; Notes: son of Aaron.
  6. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: joins next subject.
  7. Abiu — Lemma: Abiu; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine (indeclinable); Function: subject; Translation: Abiu; Notes: also son of Aaron.
  8. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: joins final subject phrase.
  9. septuaginta — Lemma: septuaginta; Part of Speech: numeral; Form: indeclinable; Function: modifies de senioribus Israel; Translation: seventy; Notes: exact count of elders.
  10. de — Lemma: de; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: partitive origin; Translation: from; Notes: indicates subset.
  11. senioribus — Lemma: senior; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural masculine, third declension; Function: object of de; Translation: elders; Notes: respected leaders of Israel.
  12. Israel — Lemma: Israel; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular masculine (indeclinable); Function: modifies senioribus; Translation: Israel; Notes: spelling preserved exactly as user provided.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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