Exodus 26:12

Posted on March 17, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

12 Quod autem superfuerit in sagis quæ parantur tecto, id est unum sagum quod amplius est, ex medietate eius operies posteriora tabernaculi.

But what shall remain over in the coverings that are prepared for the roof, namely, the one covering that is extra, from half of it you shall cover the back part of the tabernacle.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Quod what NOM.SG.N, PRON.REL
2 autem however CONJ, INDECL
3 superfuerit shall remain over 3SG.FUTP.ACT.IND, IRREG
4 in in PREP+ABL
5 sagis the coverings ABL.PL.N, NOUN, 2ND DECL
6 quæ which NOM.PL.F, PRON.REL
7 parantur are prepared 3PL.PRES.PASS.IND, 1ST CONJ
8 tecto for the roof DAT.SG.N, NOUN, 2ND DECL
9 id that ACC.SG.N, PRON.DEM
10 est is 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND, IRREG
11 unum one ACC.SG.N, ADJ/PRON
12 sagum covering ACC.SG.N, NOUN, 2ND DECL
13 quod which NOM.SG.N, PRON.REL
14 amplius extra ADV, INDECL
15 est is 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND, IRREG
16 ex from PREP+ABL
17 medietate half ABL.SG.F, NOUN, 3RD DECL
18 eius of it GEN.SG.C, PRON.POSS/DEM
19 operies you shall cover 2SG.FUT.ACT.IND, 4TH CONJ
20 posteriora the back part ACC.PL.N, ADJ.NOUN.USED
21 tabernaculi of the tabernacle GEN.SG.N, NOUN, 2ND DECL

Syntax

Main structure:
Quod superfuerit — relative clause used substantively meaning “whatever shall remain over”
• superfuerit = future perfect, indicating what is left after assembling coverings

Prepositional phrase: in sagis quæ parantur tecto
• quæ parantur — relative clause describing the coverings
• tecto — dative of purpose (“for the roof”)

Explanatory apposition:
id est unum sagum quod amplius est
— clarifies the surplus covering

Main clause:
ex medietate eius operies posteriora tabernaculi
• operies = main verb (future)
• ex medietate eius — ablative of source
• posteriora tabernaculi — object phrase (“the back part of the tabernacle”)

Morphology

  1. Quod — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative singular neuter; Function: substantive relative (“that which”); Translation: what; Notes: introduces subject of the clause.
  2. autem — Lemma: autem; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: adversative connector; Translation: however; Notes: introduces contrast.
  3. superfuerit — Lemma: super-sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 3rd person singular future perfect active indicative; Function: verb of relative clause; Translation: shall remain over; Notes: future perfect denotes remainder after prior action.
  4. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: location; Translation: in; Notes: spatial reference.
  5. sagis — Lemma: sagum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural neuter; Function: object of in; Translation: the coverings; Notes: refers to outer panels.
  6. quæ — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative plural feminine; Function: subject of parantur; Translation: which; Notes: refers to coverings.
  7. parantur — Lemma: paro; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 3rd person plural present passive indicative; Function: relative clause verb; Translation: are prepared; Notes: describes construction.
  8. tecto — Lemma: tectum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: dative singular neuter; Function: dative of purpose; Translation: for the roof; Notes: indicates intended use.
  9. id — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: demonstrative pronoun; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: subject of “est” in sense; Translation: that; Notes: introduces explanation.
  10. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 3rd person singular present active indicative; Function: copula; Translation: is; Notes: links explanatory clause.
  11. unum — Lemma: unus; Part of Speech: adjective/pronoun; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: predicate; Translation: one; Notes: identifies the surplus panel.
  12. sagum — Lemma: sagum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: apposition; Translation: covering; Notes: explains “unum.”
  13. quod — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative singular neuter; Function: introduces relative clause; Translation: which; Notes: refers to the surplus covering.
  14. amplius — Lemma: amplius; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: modifies est; Translation: extra; Notes: comparative adverb used adverbially.
  15. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 3rd person singular present active indicative; Function: verb of relative clause; Translation: is; Notes: factual description.
  16. ex — Lemma: e/ex; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: source; Translation: from; Notes: indicates origin of material.
  17. medietate — Lemma: medietas; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: object of ex; Translation: half; Notes: describes portion used.
  18. eius — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: genitive singular common; Function: possessive; Translation: of it; Notes: refers to the surplus covering.
  19. operies — Lemma: operio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 2nd person singular future active indicative; Function: main verb; Translation: you shall cover; Notes: future of command.
  20. posteriora — Lemma: posterior; Part of Speech: adjective used substantively; Form: accusative plural neuter; Function: object of operies; Translation: the back part; Notes: refers to rear section of tabernacle.
  21. tabernaculi — Lemma: tabernaculum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular neuter; Function: possessive genitive; Translation: of the tabernacle; Notes: identifies structure being covered.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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