Exodus 26:13

Posted on March 17, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

13 Et cubitus ex una parte pendebit, et alter ex altera qui plus est in sagorum longitudine, utrumque latus tabernaculi protegens.

And one cubit on one side shall hang down, and the other on the other side—what is extra in the length of the coverings—protecting both sides of the tabernacle.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Et and CONJ, INDECL
2 cubitus a cubit NOM.SG.M, NOUN, 2ND DECL
3 ex from PREP+ABL
4 una one ABL.SG.F, ADJ/PRON
5 parte side ABL.SG.F, NOUN, 3RD DECL
6 pendebit shall hang 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND, 2ND CONJ
7 et and CONJ, INDECL
8 alter the other NOM.SG.M, ADJ/PRON
9 ex from PREP+ABL
10 altera the other ABL.SG.F, ADJ/PRON
11 qui which NOM.SG.M, PRON.REL
12 plus more ADV, INDECL
13 est is 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND, IRREG
14 in in PREP+ABL
15 sagorum of the coverings GEN.PL.N, NOUN, 2ND DECL
16 longitudine length ABL.SG.F, NOUN, 3RD DECL
17 utrumque both ACC.SG.N, PRON/ADJ
18 latus side ACC.SG.N, NOUN, 4TH DECL (used as 2ND)
19 tabernaculi of the tabernacle GEN.SG.N, NOUN, 2ND DECL
20 protegens covering/protecting NOM.SG.N, PTCP.PRES.ACT, 3RD CONJ

Syntax

Main coordinated clauses:
• cubitus … pendebit — “a cubit shall hang down”
• alter … [pendebit] — the verb repeats elliptically

Relative clause:
• qui plus est in sagorum longitudine — describes the portion that exceeds the standard length
— qui refers to alter (“the other [cubit]”)
— plus = “more” (excess)

Final participial phrase:
• utrumque latus tabernaculi protegens
— “protecting both sides of the tabernacle”
— participle modifies the preceding entire surplus portion

Morphology

  1. Et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: connects clauses; Translation: and; Notes: standard coordinator.
  2. cubitus — Lemma: cubitus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject of pendebit; Translation: a cubit; Notes: measurement extending beyond main covering.
  3. ex — Lemma: ex; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: indicates source; Translation: from; Notes: marks originating side.
  4. una — Lemma: unus; Part of Speech: adjective/pronoun; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: modifies parte; Translation: one; Notes: contrasts with altera.
  5. parte — Lemma: pars; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: object of ex; Translation: side; Notes: denotes one side of the tabernacle.
  6. pendebit — Lemma: pendeo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 3rd person singular future active indicative; Function: main verb; Translation: shall hang; Notes: describes the draping of excess fabric.
  7. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: joins parallel clause; Translation: and; Notes: parallels first clause.
  8. alter — Lemma: alter; Part of Speech: pronoun/adjective; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject (verb implied); Translation: the other; Notes: refers to the second cubit.
  9. ex — Lemma: ex; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: origin; Translation: from; Notes: mirrors first instance.
  10. altera — Lemma: alter; Part of Speech: pronoun/adjective; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: object of ex; Translation: the other; Notes: contrasts with una parte.
  11. qui — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject of est; Translation: which; Notes: refers to alter (the surplus cubit).
  12. plus — Lemma: plus; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: modifies est; Translation: more; Notes: expresses excess in length.
  13. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 3rd person singular present active indicative; Function: copula; Translation: is; Notes: factual description.
  14. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: locational; Translation: in; Notes: attaches phrase to est.
  15. sagorum — Lemma: sagum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive plural neuter; Function: genitive complement; Translation: of the coverings; Notes: specifies the length under discussion.
  16. longitudine — Lemma: longitudo; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: ablative of respect; Translation: in length; Notes: measurement context.
  17. utrumque — Lemma: uterque; Part of Speech: pronoun/adjective; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: object of protegens; Translation: both; Notes: refers to both sides.
  18. latus — Lemma: latus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: object; Translation: side; Notes: architectural term of the tabernacle.
  19. tabernaculi — Lemma: tabernaculum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular neuter; Function: possessive genitive; Translation: of the tabernacle; Notes: identifies structure protected.
  20. protegens — Lemma: protego; Part of Speech: participle; Form: nominative singular neuter present active participle; Function: circumstantial modifier; Translation: protecting; Notes: describes the function of the overhanging fabric.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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