Exodus 32:6

Posted on March 23, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 32:6 Surgentesque mane, obtulerunt holocausta, et hostias pacificas, et sedit populus manducare, et bibere, et surrexerunt ludere.

And rising early in the morning, they offered burnt offerings and peace sacrifices, and the people sat down to eat and to drink, and they rose up to play.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Surgentesque and rising NOM.PL.M PTCP.PRES.ACT +QUE 3RD CONJ
2 mane in the morning ADV INDECL
3 obtulerunt they offered 3PL.PERF.ACT.IND 3RD CONJ
4 holocausta burnt offerings ACC.PL.N NOUN 2ND DECL
5 et and CONJ INDECL
6 hostias sacrifices ACC.PL.F NOUN 1ST DECL
7 pacificas peace-offerings ACC.PL.F ADJ POS
8 et and CONJ INDECL
9 sedit sat 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND 2ND CONJ
10 populus the people NOM.SG.M NOUN 2ND DECL
11 manducare to eat INF.PRES.ACT 1ST CONJ
12 et and CONJ INDECL
13 bibere to drink INF.PRES.ACT 3RD CONJ
14 et and CONJ INDECL
15 surrexerunt they rose up 3PL.PERF.ACT.IND 3RD CONJ
16 ludere to play INF.PRES.ACT 3RD CONJ

Syntax

Circumstantial Participle:
Surgentesque mane — describes the people’s early-morning preparation.

Main Verb 1:
obtulerunt holocausta et hostias pacificas — they offered burnt offerings and peace sacrifices.

Main Verb 2:
sedit populus — the people sat down.

Complementary Infinitives:
manducare et bibere — explain the purpose of sitting: eating and drinking.

Main Verb 3:
surrexerunt ludere — they rose to engage in festive play, often interpreted as revelry or idolatrous celebration.

Morphology

  1. Surgentesque — Lemma: surgo; Part of Speech: participle; Form: nominative plural masculine present active + enclitic -que; Function: circumstantial participle; Translation: and rising; Notes: describes time and manner of the people’s actions.
  2. mane — Lemma: mane; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: temporal modifier; Translation: in the morning; Notes: intensifies urgency of ritual activity.
  3. obtulerunt — Lemma: offero; Part of Speech: verb; Form: perfect active indicative third plural; Function: main verb; Translation: they offered; Notes: formal sacrificial verb.
  4. holocausta — Lemma: holocaustum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural neuter; Function: direct object; Translation: burnt offerings; Notes: total-consumption offerings.
  5. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: joins words; Translation: and; Notes: coordination marker.
  6. hostias — Lemma: hostia; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural feminine; Function: direct object; Translation: sacrifices; Notes: ritual offerings.
  7. pacificas — Lemma: pacificus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: accusative plural feminine; Function: modifies hostias; Translation: peace-offerings; Notes: sacrificial category of well-being.
  8. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: joins clauses; Translation: and; Notes: signals shift to next action.
  9. sedit — Lemma: sedeo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: perfect active indicative third singular; Function: main verb; Translation: sat; Notes: describes posture for the meal.
  10. populus — Lemma: populus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject; Translation: the people; Notes: collective of Israel.
  11. manducare — Lemma: manduco; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active infinitive; Function: complementary infinitive; Translation: to eat; Notes: indicates purpose of sitting.
  12. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: joins infinitives; Translation: and; Notes: creates balanced pair.
  13. bibere — Lemma: bibo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active infinitive; Function: complementary infinitive; Translation: to drink; Notes: paired with eating during feast.
  14. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: joins main verbs; Translation: and; Notes: introduces final action.
  15. surrexerunt — Lemma: surgo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: perfect active indicative third plural; Function: main verb; Translation: they rose up; Notes: movement from feasting to revelry.
  16. ludere — Lemma: ludo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active infinitive; Function: expresses purpose; Translation: to play; Notes: often implies idolatrous dance or revelry.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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