Exodus 32:11

Posted on March 23, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 32:11 Moyses autem orabat Dominum Deum suum, dicens: Cur, Domine, irascitur furor tuus contra populum tuum, quem eduxisti de Terra Ægypti, in fortitudine magna, et in manu robusta?

But Moyses prayed to the LORD his God, saying: “Why, O Lord, does your wrath grow angry against your people, whom you brought out of the Land of Egypt, with great strength and with a mighty hand?

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Moyses Moses NOM.SG.M NOUN 3RD DECL
2 autem but ADV INDECL
3 orabat was praying 3SG.IMP.ACT.IND 1ST CONJ
4 Dominum the LORD ACC.SG.M NOUN 2ND DECL
5 Deum God ACC.SG.M NOUN 2ND DECL
6 suum his ACC.SG.M POSS.ADJK
7 dicens saying NOM.SG.M PTCP.PRES.ACT 3RD CONJ
8 Cur why ADV INDECL
9 Domine O Lord VOC.SG.M NOUN 2ND DECL
10 irascitur does grow angry 3SG.PRES.IND.DEP 1ST CONJ
11 furor wrath NOM.SG.M NOUN 3RD DECL
12 tuus your NOM.SG.M POSS.ADJK
13 contra against PREP+ACC INDECL
14 populum people ACC.SG.M NOUN 2ND DECL
15 tuum your ACC.SG.M POSS.ADJK
16 quem whom ACC.SG.M PRON REL
17 eduxisti you brought out 2SG.PERF.ACT.IND 3RD CONJ
18 de from PREP+ABL INDECL
19 Terra the land ABL.SG.F NOUN 1ST DECL
20 Ægypti of Egypt GEN.SG.F NOUN 1ST DECL
21 in with PREP+ABL INDECL
22 fortitudine strength ABL.SG.F NOUN 3RD DECL
23 magna great ABL.SG.F ADJ POS
24 et and CONJ INDECL
25 in with PREP+ABL INDECL
26 manu hand ABL.SG.F NOUN 4TH DECL
27 robusta mighty ABL.SG.F ADJ POS

Syntax

Main Narrative Clause:
Moyses autem orabat Dominum Deum suum — “But Moses was praying to the LORD his God.”
Double accusative (*Dominum Deum*) expresses a solemn, formal address to YHWH.

Participial Link:
dicens — introduces the content of prayer.

Direct Question:
Cur, Domine, irascitur furor tuus…? — rhetorical appeal questioning divine wrath.

Prepositional Phrase:
contra populum tuum — identifies the target of divine wrath.

Relative Clause:
quem eduxisti de Terra Ægypti — emphasizes YHWH’s own saving act.

Ablatives of Means:
in fortitudine magna and in manu robusta — “with great strength” and “with a mighty hand,” instruments of deliverance.

Morphology

  1. Moyses — Lemma: Moyses; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject; Translation: Moses; Notes: Greek name with irregular declension in Latin.
  2. autem — Lemma: autem; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: narrative connector; Translation: but; Notes: soft contrast linking to previous divine speech.
  3. orabat — Lemma: oro; Part of Speech: verb; Form: imperfect active indicative third singular; Function: main verb; Translation: was praying; Notes: continuous, repeated action.
  4. Dominum — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: object of prayer; Translation: the LORD; Notes: refers to YHWH (translated “LORD”).
  5. Deum — Lemma: Deus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: apposition to *Dominum*; Translation: God; Notes: intensifies divine address.
  6. suum — Lemma: suus; Part of Speech: possessive adjective; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: modifies *Deum*; Translation: his; Notes: reflexive, referring back to Moses.
  7. dicens — Lemma: dico; Part of Speech: participle; Form: nominative singular masculine present active; Function: introduces speech; Translation: saying; Notes: links prayer to content.
  8. Cur — Lemma: cur; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: introduces direct question; Translation: why; Notes: expresses appeal, not doubt.
  9. Domine — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: vocative singular masculine; Function: direct address; Translation: O Lord; Notes: vocative appears in prayer formula.
  10. irascitur — Lemma: irascor; Part of Speech: deponent verb; Form: third singular present indicative deponent; Function: main verb of question; Translation: does grow angry; Notes: deponent with active meaning “become angry.”
  11. furor — Lemma: furor; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject of *irascitur*; Translation: wrath; Notes: metaphor for divine judgment.
  12. tuus — Lemma: tuus; Part of Speech: possessive adjective; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: modifies *furor*; Translation: your; Notes: highlights relationship between YHWH and His people.
  13. contra — Lemma: contra; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: expresses opposition; Translation: against; Notes: establishes direction of wrath.
  14. populum — Lemma: populus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: object of *contra*; Translation: people; Notes: Israel as covenant community.
  15. tuum — Lemma: tuus; Part of Speech: possessive adjective; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: modifies *populum*; Translation: your; Notes: appeals to divine ownership.
  16. quem — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: introduces relative clause; Translation: whom; Notes: refers to Israel.
  17. eduxisti — Lemma: educo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: second singular perfect active indicative; Function: verb of relative clause; Translation: you brought out; Notes: recalls Exodus deliverance.
  18. de — Lemma: de; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: introduces origin; Translation: from; Notes: ablative of separation.
  19. Terra — Lemma: terra; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: object of *de*; Translation: the land; Notes: common biblical geographic term.
  20. Ægypti — Lemma: Ægyptus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular feminine; Function: specifies the land; Translation: of Egypt; Notes: genitive of location/origin.
  21. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: ablative of means; Translation: with; Notes: expresses instrument.
  22. fortitudine — Lemma: fortitudo; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: ablative of means; Translation: strength; Notes: refers to divine power.
  23. magna — Lemma: magnus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: modifies *fortitudine*; Translation: great; Notes: amplifies divine might.
  24. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: joins ablative phrases; Translation: and; Notes: links parallel means.
  25. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: ablative of means; Translation: with; Notes: parallels previous use.
  26. manu — Lemma: manus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: ablative of means; Translation: hand; Notes: idiom for divine action.
  27. robusta — Lemma: robustus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: modifies *manu*; Translation: mighty; Notes: expresses strength and authority.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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