Exodus 33:12

Posted on March 24, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 33:12 Dixit autem Moyses ad Dominum: Præcipis ut educam populum istum: et non indicas mihi quem missurus es mecum, præsertim cum dixeris: Novi te ex nomine, et invenisti gratiam coram me.

But Moyses said to the LORD: “You command that I lead out this people, and you do not show me whom you will send with me, especially since you have said: I know you by name, and you have found grace before me.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Dixit said 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND 3RD CONJ
2 autem but ADV
3 Moyses Moses NOM.SG.M 3RD DECL
4 ad to PREP+ACC
5 Dominum LORD ACC.SG.M 2ND DECL
6 Præcipis you command 2SG.PRES.ACT.IND 3RD CONJ
7 ut that CONJ
8 educam I lead out 1SG.PRES.ACT.SUBJ 3RD CONJ
9 populum people ACC.SG.M 2ND DECL
10 istum this ACC.SG.M DEM.PRON
11 et and CONJ
12 non not ADV
13 indicas you show / reveal 2SG.PRES.ACT.IND 1ST CONJ
14 mihi to me DAT.SG.1ST.PERS PRON
15 quem whom ACC.SG.M REL.PRON
16 missurus about to send FUT.ACT.PTCP.NOM.SG.M 3RD CONJ
17 es you are 2SG.PRES.ACT.IND IRREG
18 mecum with me PREP+ABL PRON
19 præsertim especially ADV
20 cum since / when CONJ
21 dixeris you have said 2SG.FUTP.ACT.IND 3RD CONJ
22 Novi I know 1SG.PERF.ACT.IND IRREG
23 te you ACC.SG.2ND.PERS PRON
24 ex by / from PREP+ABL
25 nomine name ABL.SG.N 3RD DECL
26 et and CONJ
27 invenisti you have found 2SG.PERF.ACT.IND 3RD CONJ
28 gratiam grace ACC.SG.F 1ST DECL
29 coram before PREP+ABL
30 me me ABL.SG.1ST.PERS PRON

Syntax

Main Clause:
Dixit autem Moyses ad Dominum — subject Moyses, verb Dixit, indirect object ad Dominum.

Content Clause with ut:
Præcipis ut educam populum istum — “You command that I lead out this people.”

Coordinated Clause of Complaint:
et non indicas mihi quem missurus es mecum — “and you do not show me whom you will send with me.”

Intensifying Adverbial:
præsertim cum dixeris — “especially since you have said…”

Quoted Divine Declaration:
Novi te ex nomine, et invenisti gratiam coram me.

Morphology

  1. Dixit — Lemma: dico; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 3rd person singular perfect active indicative; Function: main narrative verb; Translation: said; Notes: introduces Moses’ speech.
  2. autem — Lemma: autem; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: contrasts with previous narrative; Translation: but; Notes: soft adversative.
  3. Moyses — Lemma: Moyses; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject; Translation: Moses; Notes: speaker.
  4. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: introduces indirect object; Translation: to; Notes: direction toward listener.
  5. Dominum — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: indirect object; Translation: LORD; Notes: refers to YHWH.
  6. Præcipis — Lemma: præcipio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 2nd person singular present active indicative; Function: expresses divine command; Translation: you command; Notes: governs a substantive clause of purpose.
  7. ut — Lemma: ut; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: introduces substantive clause; Translation: that; Notes: subjunctive required.
  8. educam — Lemma: educo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 1st person singular present active subjunctive; Function: verb of ut-clause; Translation: I lead out; Notes: subjunctive of command/purpose.
  9. populum — Lemma: populus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: direct object; Translation: people; Notes: refers to Israel.
  10. istum — Lemma: iste; Part of Speech: demonstrative pronoun/adjective; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: modifies populum; Translation: this; Notes: often connotes emotional distance.
  11. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordinates clauses; Translation: and; Notes: simple connector.
  12. non — Lemma: non; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: negation; Translation: not; Notes: negates verb.
  13. indicas — Lemma: indico; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 2nd person singular present active indicative; Function: declares lack of information; Translation: you show; Notes: complements “quem”.
  14. mihi — Lemma: ego; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: dative singular; Function: indirect object; Translation: to me; Notes: recipient of information.
  15. quem — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: object of missurus; Translation: whom; Notes: anticipates agent to be sent.
  16. missurus — Lemma: mitto; Part of Speech: participle; Form: future active participle nominative singular masculine; Function: complement with es; Translation: about to send; Notes: expresses future intent.
  17. es — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 2nd person singular present indicative; Function: auxiliary with participle; Translation: you are; Notes: forms periphrasis.
  18. mecum — Lemma: cum + ego; Part of Speech: prepositional phrase; Form: ablative with enclitic; Function: accompaniment; Translation: with me; Notes: Moses seeks assurance.
  19. præsertim — Lemma: præsertim; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: intensifier; Translation: especially; Notes: highlights rhetorical force.
  20. cum — Lemma: cum; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: introduces causal clause; Translation: since; Notes: not temporal here but causal.
  21. dixeris — Lemma: dico; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 2nd person singular future perfect active indicative; Function: recalls prior divine words; Translation: you have said; Notes: idiomatic for past reference.
  22. Novi — Lemma: nosco; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 1st person singular perfect active indicative; Function: quoted divine statement; Translation: I know; Notes: perfect with present force.
  23. te — Lemma: tu; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: accusative singular; Function: object of novi; Translation: you; Notes: direct object.
  24. ex — Lemma: ex; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: expresses means; Translation: by; Notes: instrumental sense.
  25. nomine — Lemma: nomen; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular neuter; Function: object of ex; Translation: name; Notes: expresses personal recognition.
  26. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: connects divine statements; Translation: and; Notes: simple coordination.
  27. invenisti — Lemma: invenio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 2nd person singular perfect active indicative; Function: second half of divine quotation; Translation: you have found; Notes: perfect with present result.
  28. gratiam — Lemma: gratia; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: direct object; Translation: grace; Notes: favor before YHWH.
  29. coram — Lemma: coram; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: position before someone; Translation: before; Notes: formal.
  30. me — Lemma: ego; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: ablative singular; Function: object of coram; Translation: me; Notes: YHWH’s perspective.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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