Leviticus 5:8

Posted on April 5, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 5:8 dabitque eos sacerdoti: qui primum offerens pro peccato, retorquebit caput eius ad pennulas, ita ut collo hæreat, et non penitus abrumpatur.

and he shall give them to the priest, who when offering the first for sin will twist its head toward the feathers so that it may cling to the neck and not be completely torn off.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 dabitque and she shall give VERB, 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND + ENCLITIC
2 eos them PRON, ACC.PL.M
3 sacerdoti to the priest NOUN, DAT.SG.M
4 qui who PRON, NOM.SG.M, REL
5 primum the first ADJ, ACC.SG.M
6 offerens offering PTCP, PRES.ACT.NOM.SG.M
7 pro for PREP+ABL
8 peccato sin NOUN, ABL.SG.N
9 retorquebit he will twist VERB, 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND
10 caput head NOUN, ACC.SG.N
11 eius its PRON, GEN.SG.
12 ad toward PREP+ACC
13 pennulas the small feathers NOUN, ACC.PL.F
14 ita so ADV
15 ut so that CONJ
16 collo to the neck NOUN, DAT.SG.M
17 hæreat it may cling VERB, 3SG.PRES.ACT.SUBJ
18 et and CONJ
19 non not ADV
20 penitus completely ADV
21 abrumpatur it be torn off VERB, 3SG.PRES.PASS.SUBJ

Syntax

dabitque eos sacerdoti — main clause; dabitque (future indicative) with eos as direct object and sacerdoti as indirect object.
qui primum offerens pro peccato — relative clause modifying sacerdoti; offerens is a nominative participle expressing concurrent action.
retorquebit caput eius ad pennulas — main verbal action of the priest in the ritual.
ita ut collo hæreat et non penitus abrumpatur — consecutive clause expressing intended result of twisting the head.

Morphology

  1. dabitque — Lemma: do; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future active indicative with enclitic -que; Function: main verb; Translation: and she shall give; Notes: refers back to anima.
  2. eos — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: accusative plural masculine; Function: direct object; Translation: them; Notes: refers to the two birds.
  3. sacerdoti — Lemma: sacerdos; Part of Speech: noun; Form: dative singular masculine; Function: indirect object; Translation: to the priest; Notes: recipient of the birds.
  4. qui — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: nominative singular masculine relative; Function: introduces relative clause; Translation: who; Notes: refers to the priest.
  5. primum — Lemma: primus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: direct object of offerens; Translation: the first; Notes: the first bird offered.
  6. offerens — Lemma: offero; Part of Speech: participle; Form: present active nominative singular masculine; Function: subject of retorquebit within relative clause; Translation: offering; Notes: concurrent action.
  7. pro — Lemma: pro; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: beneficiary phrase; Translation: for; Notes: sacrificial purpose.
  8. peccato — Lemma: peccatum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular neuter; Function: object of pro; Translation: sin; Notes: sin offering.
  9. retorquebit — Lemma: retorqueo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future active indicative; Function: main verb of ritual action; Translation: he will twist; Notes: technical action in bird sacrifice.
  10. caput — Lemma: caput; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: direct object; Translation: head; Notes: part of the bird.
  11. eius — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: genitive singular; Function: possessive; Translation: its; Notes: refers to the bird.
  12. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: expresses direction; Translation: toward; Notes: spatial relation.
  13. pennulas — Lemma: pennula; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural feminine; Function: object of ad; Translation: small feathers; Notes: diminutive of penna.
  14. ita — Lemma: ita; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: introduces result clause; Translation: so; Notes: signals purpose.
  15. ut — Lemma: ut; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: introduces subjunctive; Function: result clause; Translation: so that; Notes: consecutive clause marker.
  16. collo — Lemma: collum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: dative singular neuter; Function: indirect object; Translation: to the neck; Notes: anatomical reference.
  17. hæreat — Lemma: haereō; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular present active subjunctive; Function: verb of result clause; Translation: it may cling; Notes: consecutive subjunctive.
  18. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: joins two subjunctive clauses.
  19. non — Lemma: non; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: negation; Translation: not; Notes: standard negative.
  20. penitus — Lemma: penitus; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: adverbial modifier; Translation: completely; Notes: intensifies verb.
  21. abrumpatur — Lemma: abrumpo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular present passive subjunctive; Function: second verb of result clause; Translation: it be torn off; Notes: passive consecutive subjunctive.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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