Leviticus 7:18

Posted on April 7, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 7:18 si quis de carnibus victimæ pacificorum die tertio comederit, irrita fiet oblatio, nec proderit offerenti: quin potius quæcumque anima tali se edulio contaminaverit, prævaricationis rea erit.

If anyone shall have eaten from the flesh of the peace-offering victim on the third day, the offering shall become invalid, and it shall not benefit the one offering; it rather every soul that shall have defiled itself with such food, shall be guilty of transgression.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 si if CONJ
2 quis anyone INDEF.NOM.SG.M
3 de from PREP+ABL
4 carnibus flesh ABL.PL.F
5 victimæ of the victim GEN.SG.F
6 pacificorum of peace offerings GEN.PL.M
7 die on the day ABL.SG.M
8 tertio third ADJ.ABL.SG.M
9 comederit shall have eaten 3SG.PERF.ACT.SUBJ
10 irrita invalid ADJ.NOM.SG.F
11 fiet shall become 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND
12 oblatio the offering NOM.SG.F
13 nec and not CONJ
14 proderit shall benefit 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND
15 offerenti the one offering DAT.SG.M.PTCP
16 quin rather CONJ
17 potius instead ADV
18 quæcumque whatever REL.INDEF.NOM.SG.F
19 anima soul NOM.SG.F
20 tali such ADJ.ABL.SG.N
21 se itself REFL.ACC.SG
22 edulio with food ABL.SG.N
23 contaminaverit shall have defiled 3SG.PERF.ACT.SUBJ
24 prævaricationis of transgression GEN.SG.F
25 rea guilty ADJ.NOM.SG.F
26 erit shall be 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND

Syntax

Conditional Clause: si quis … comederit — establishes the forbidden act
Prepositional Phrase: de carnibus victimæ pacificorum — specifies the sacrificial source
Temporal Phrase: die tertio — sets the critical time boundary
Main Result Clause: irrita fiet oblatio — declares the offering legally void
Negative Consequence: nec proderit offerenti — denies benefit to the offerer
Adversative Shift: quin potius — introduces a stronger penalty
Final Judgment Clause: quæcumque anima … rea erit — assigns culpability to the offender

Morphology

  1. si — Lemma: si; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: introduces a conditional clause; Translation: if; Notes: Frames a legal contingency.
  2. quis — Lemma: quis; Part of Speech: indefinite pronoun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject of comederit; Translation: anyone; Notes: Applies universally without exception.
  3. de — Lemma: de; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing the ablative; Function: introduces source; Translation: from; Notes: Indicates partial consumption.
  4. carnibus — Lemma: caro; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural feminine, third declension; Function: object of de; Translation: flesh; Notes: Refers to edible portions of the sacrifice.
  5. victimæ — Lemma: victima; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular feminine, first declension; Function: modifies carnibus; Translation: of the victim; Notes: Identifies the sacrificial animal.
  6. pacificorum — Lemma: pacificus; Part of Speech: adjective used substantively; Form: genitive plural masculine; Function: modifies victimæ; Translation: of peace offerings; Notes: Specifies the communion sacrifice category.
  7. die — Lemma: dies; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular masculine, fifth declension; Function: ablative of time; Translation: on the day; Notes: Temporal restriction.
  8. tertio — Lemma: tertius; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: ablative singular masculine; Function: modifies die; Translation: third; Notes: Establishes the prohibited day.
  9. comederit — Lemma: comedo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular perfect active subjunctive; Function: verb of the conditional clause; Translation: shall have eaten; Notes: Subjunctive expresses legal contingency.
  10. irrita — Lemma: irritus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative singular feminine; Function: predicate adjective; Translation: invalid; Notes: Declares cultic nullity.
  11. fiet — Lemma: fio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future active indicative; Function: copulative verb; Translation: shall become; Notes: Indicates change of legal status.
  12. oblatio — Lemma: oblatio; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular feminine, third declension; Function: subject of fiet; Translation: the offering; Notes: Refers to the sacrificial act as a whole.
  13. nec — Lemma: nec; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: negative coordinator; Translation: and not; Notes: Extends the negative consequence.
  14. proderit — Lemma: prosum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future active indicative; Function: verb of effect; Translation: shall benefit; Notes: Denies sacrificial efficacy.
  15. offerenti — Lemma: offerens; Part of Speech: participle used substantively; Form: dative singular masculine present active participle; Function: indirect object; Translation: the one offering; Notes: Identifies the responsible worshiper.
  16. quin — Lemma: quin; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: introduces adversative escalation; Translation: rather; Notes: Strengthens the consequence beyond nullity.
  17. potius — Lemma: potius; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: intensifier; Translation: instead; Notes: Emphasizes reversal of expectation.
  18. quæcumque — Lemma: quicumque; Part of Speech: relative indefinite pronoun; Form: nominative singular feminine; Function: subject of erit; Translation: whatever; Notes: Universalizes liability.
  19. anima — Lemma: anima; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular feminine, first declension; Function: apposition to quæcumque; Translation: soul; Notes: Legal term for a person.
  20. tali — Lemma: talis; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: ablative singular neuter; Function: modifies edulio; Translation: such; Notes: Refers back to third-day meat.
  21. se — Lemma: se; Part of Speech: reflexive pronoun; Form: accusative singular; Function: direct object of contaminaverit; Translation: itself; Notes: Indicates self-defilement.
  22. edulio — Lemma: edulium; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular neuter; Function: ablative of means; Translation: with food; Notes: Refers to prohibited consumption.
  23. contaminaverit — Lemma: contamino; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular perfect active subjunctive; Function: verb of the relative clause; Translation: shall have defiled; Notes: Ritual impurity resulting from violation.
  24. prævaricationis — Lemma: prævaricatio; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular feminine, third declension; Function: objective genitive with rea; Translation: of transgression; Notes: Legal breach of divine law.
  25. rea — Lemma: reus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative singular feminine; Function: predicate adjective; Translation: guilty; Notes: Judicial verdict term.
  26. erit — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future active indicative; Function: copula; Translation: shall be; Notes: States inevitable legal outcome.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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