Leviticus 8:21

Posted on April 8, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 8:21 lotis prius intestinis et pedibus. totumque simul arietem incendit super altare, eo quod esset holocaustum suavissimi odoris Domino, sicut præceperat ei.

after the entrails and the feet had first been washed, and altogether he burned the whole ram upon the altar, because it was a burnt offering of most pleasing odor to the LORD, just as he had commanded him.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 lotis having been washed PTCP.PERF.PASS.ABL.PL.N
2 prius first ADV
3 intestinis entrails ABL.PL.N
4 et and CONJ
5 pedibus feet ABL.PL.M
6 totumque and the whole ACC.SG.M+CONJ
7 simul together ADV
8 arietem ram ACC.SG.M
9 incendit burned 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
10 super upon PREP+ACC
11 altare altar ACC.SG.N
12 eo because of this ABL.SG.N.DEM
13 quod that CONJ
14 esset it was 3SG.IMPF.ACT.SUBJ
15 holocaustum burnt offering NOM.SG.N
16 suavissimi most pleasing GEN.SG.M.SUPER
17 odoris odor GEN.SG.M
18 Domino to the LORD DAT.SG.M
19 sicut just as CONJ
20 præceperat had commanded 3SG.PLUP.ACT.IND
21 ei to him DAT.SG.M.PERS

Syntax

Ablative Absolute: lotis prius intestinis et pedibus — preparatory purification completed beforehand
Main Action: incendit — principal sacrificial act
Direct Object: totumque arietem — the entire ram emphasized
Manner: simul — entirety burned together
Place: super altare — locus of offering
Causal Clause: eo quod esset holocaustum suavissimi odoris Domino — reason grounded in cultic acceptability
Conformity Clause: sicut præceperat ei — action aligned with divine command

Morphology

  1. lotis — Lemma: lavo; Part of Speech: verb (participle); Form: perfect passive participle ablative neuter plural; Function: ablative absolute; Translation: having been washed; Notes: Indicates ritual cleansing prior to burning.
  2. prius — Lemma: prius; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: temporal modifier; Translation: first; Notes: Emphasizes order of actions.
  3. intestinis — Lemma: intestinum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative neuter plural second declension; Function: ablative absolute partner; Translation: entrails; Notes: Internal organs requiring washing.
  4. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: Links items washed.
  5. pedibus — Lemma: pes; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative masculine plural third declension; Function: ablative absolute partner; Translation: feet; Notes: External parts cleansed before offering.
  6. totumque — Lemma: totus; Part of Speech: adjective with enclitic conjunction; Form: accusative masculine singular + -que; Function: modifies arietem with coordination; Translation: and the whole; Notes: Stresses complete consumption.
  7. simul — Lemma: simul; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: manner modifier; Translation: together; Notes: All parts burned as one offering.
  8. arietem — Lemma: aries; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative masculine singular third declension; Function: direct object; Translation: ram; Notes: The burnt offering animal.
  9. incendit — Lemma: incendo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular perfect active indicative; Function: main verb; Translation: burned; Notes: Describes total combustion.
  10. super — Lemma: super; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs the accusative; Function: location; Translation: upon; Notes: Indicates placement on the altar.
  11. altare — Lemma: altare; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative neuter singular third declension; Function: object of super; Translation: altar; Notes: Sacred site of the offering.
  12. eo — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: demonstrative pronoun; Form: ablative neuter singular; Function: causal marker with quod; Translation: because of this; Notes: Introduces the reason clause.
  13. quod — Lemma: quod; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: introduces a causal clause; Translation: that; Notes: Governs the following subjunctive.
  14. esset — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular imperfect active subjunctive; Function: verb of the causal clause; Translation: was; Notes: Subjunctive used after eo quod.
  15. holocaustum — Lemma: holocaustum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative neuter singular second declension; Function: predicate nominative; Translation: burnt offering; Notes: Offering wholly consumed.
  16. suavissimi — Lemma: suavis; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: genitive masculine singular superlative; Function: modifies odoris; Translation: most pleasing; Notes: Superlative intensifies acceptability.
  17. odoris — Lemma: odor; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive masculine singular third declension; Function: depends on holocaustum; Translation: odor; Notes: Conventional cultic expression.
  18. Domino — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: dative masculine singular second declension; Function: dative of reference; Translation: to the LORD; Notes: Rendered LORD as it refers to YHWH.
  19. sicut — Lemma: sicut; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: introduces conformity; Translation: just as; Notes: Compares action to command.
  20. præceperat — Lemma: præcipio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular pluperfect active indicative; Function: verb of the comparison clause; Translation: had commanded; Notes: Indicates prior instruction.
  21. ei — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: personal pronoun; Form: dative masculine singular; Function: indirect object; Translation: to him; Notes: Refers to Moses.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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