Leviticus 11:14

Posted on April 11, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 11:14 et milvum ac vulturem iuxta genus suum.

and the kite and the vulture according to their kind.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 et and CONJ
2 milvum kite ACC.SG.M
3 ac and CONJ
4 vulturem vulture ACC.SG.M
5 iuxta according to PREP+ACC
6 genus kind ACC.SG.N
7 suum their ACC.SG.N.POSS

Syntax

Coordinator: et — continues the catalogue of prohibited birds
Objects: milvum ac vulturem — two additional birds of prey
Classification Phrase: iuxta genus suum — taxonomic limitation indicating species groups

Morphology

  1. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: Links this item to the preceding list.
  2. milvum — Lemma: milvus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative masculine singular; Function: object of implied prohibition; Translation: kite; Notes: Bird of prey included among unclean birds.
  3. ac — Lemma: ac; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: close coordination; Translation: and; Notes: Connects closely related items.
  4. vulturem — Lemma: vultur; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative masculine singular; Function: object of implied prohibition; Translation: vulture; Notes: Scavenging bird associated with impurity.
  5. iuxta — Lemma: iuxta; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: standard of classification; Translation: according to; Notes: Establishes grouping by species.
  6. genus — Lemma: genus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative neuter singular; Function: object of iuxta; Translation: kind; Notes: Refers to natural categories.
  7. suum — Lemma: suus; Part of Speech: possessive adjective; Form: accusative neuter singular; Function: modifier of genus; Translation: their; Notes: Distributive sense applying to each species.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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