Leviticus 11:26

Posted on April 11, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 11:26 Omne animal quod habet quidem ungulam, sed non dividit eam, nec ruminat, immundum erit: et qui tetigerit illud, contaminabitur.

Every animal that indeed has a hoof, but does not divide it, nor chew the cud, shall be unclean; and whoever touches it, shall be contaminated.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Omne every NOM.SG.N
2 animal animal NOM.SG.N
3 quod which REL.NOM.SG.N
4 habet has 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
5 quidem indeed ADV
6 ungulam hoof ACC.SG.F
7 sed but CONJ
8 non not ADV
9 dividit divides 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
10 eam it ACC.SG.F
11 nec nor CONJ
12 ruminat chews the cud 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
13 immundum unclean NOM.SG.N
14 erit will be 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND
15 et and CONJ
16 qui who REL.NOM.SG.M
17 tetigerit touches 3SG.PERF.ACT.SUBJ
18 illud it ACC.SG.N
19 contaminabitur will be contaminated 3SG.FUT.PASS.IND

Syntax

Main Subject: Omne animal — comprehensive legal category
Relative Qualification: quod habet quidem ungulam sed non dividit eam nec ruminat — defining physical criteria
Main Predicate: immundum erit — legal status assigned
Coordinated Legal Result: et qui tetigerit illud contaminabitur — consequence for human contact

Morphology

  1. Omne — Lemma: omnis; Part of Speech: adjective used substantively; Form: nominative neuter singular; Function: modifier of animal; Translation: every; Notes: Establishes universality of the rule.
  2. animal — Lemma: animal; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative neuter singular; Function: subject; Translation: animal; Notes: Broad zoological category.
  3. quod — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative neuter singular; Function: subject of relative clause; Translation: which; Notes: Introduces defining characteristics.
  4. habet — Lemma: habeo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular present active indicative; Function: verb of relative clause; Translation: has; Notes: States possession of a physical trait.
  5. quidem — Lemma: quidem; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: concessive emphasis; Translation: indeed; Notes: Concedes one criterion before denial of others.
  6. ungulam — Lemma: ungula; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative feminine singular; Function: direct object of habet; Translation: hoof; Notes: Refers to the hoofed structure.
  7. sed — Lemma: sed; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: adversative connector; Translation: but; Notes: Introduces exclusionary criteria.
  8. non — Lemma: non; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: negation; Translation: not; Notes: Negates the following verb.
  9. dividit — Lemma: divido; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular present active indicative; Function: verb of relative clause; Translation: divides; Notes: Refers to the cloven hoof requirement.
  10. eam — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: demonstrative pronoun; Form: accusative feminine singular; Function: direct object; Translation: it; Notes: Refers back to ungulam.
  11. nec — Lemma: nec; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: negative coordination; Translation: nor; Notes: Links a second negative condition.
  12. ruminat — Lemma: rumino; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular present active indicative; Function: verb of relative clause; Translation: chews the cud; Notes: Digestive criterion in dietary law.
  13. immundum — Lemma: immundus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative neuter singular; Function: predicate adjective; Translation: unclean; Notes: Ritual status assigned to the animal.
  14. erit — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future active indicative; Function: copula; Translation: will be; Notes: Establishes ongoing legal force.
  15. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: Adds a related legal consequence.
  16. qui — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative masculine singular; Function: subject; Translation: who; Notes: Introduces a general human subject.
  17. tetigerit — Lemma: tango; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular perfect active subjunctive; Function: verb of conditional relative clause; Translation: touches; Notes: Expresses a general legal condition.
  18. illud — Lemma: ille; Part of Speech: demonstrative pronoun; Form: accusative neuter singular; Function: direct object; Translation: it; Notes: Refers to the unclean animal.
  19. contaminabitur — Lemma: contamino; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future passive indicative; Function: main verb; Translation: will be contaminated; Notes: Describes ritual impurity transferred by contact.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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