Numeri 13:29 (Numbers 13:29)

Posted on May 10, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Nm 13:29 sed cultores fortissimos habet, et urbes grandes atque muratas. Stirpem Enac vidimus ibi.

but it has very strong inhabitants, and great and walled cities. We saw the offspring of Enac there.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 sed but CONJ
2 cultores inhabitants ACC.PL.M
3 fortissimos very strong ACC.PL.M SUPER
4 habet it has 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
5 et and CONJ
6 urbes cities ACC.PL.F
7 grandes great ACC.PL.F
8 atque and CONJ
9 muratas walled ACC.PL.F PTCP.PERF.PASS
10 Stirpem offspring ACC.SG.F
11 Enac Anak GEN.SG.INDECL
12 vidimus we saw 1PL.PERF.ACT.IND
13 ibi there ADV

Syntax

Main Clause: sed cultores fortissimos habet contrasts previous description.

Extended Object: urbes grandes atque muratas adds further detail.

Main Clause: Stirpem Enac vidimus ibi provides eyewitness testimony.

Morphology

  1. sed — Lemma: sed; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: introduces contrast; Translation: but; Notes: Marks opposition to previous statement.
  2. cultores — Lemma: cultor; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural masculine third declension; Function: direct object; Translation: inhabitants; Notes: Refers to people living in the land.
  3. fortissimos — Lemma: fortis; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: accusative plural masculine superlative degree; Function: modifies cultores; Translation: very strong; Notes: Emphasizes strength.
  4. habet — Lemma: habeo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active indicative third person singular; Function: main verb; Translation: it has; Notes: Subject is the land.
  5. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: connects objects; Translation: and; Notes: Adds information.
  6. urbes — Lemma: urbs; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural feminine third declension; Function: second object; Translation: cities; Notes: Describes settlements.
  7. grandes — Lemma: grandis; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: accusative plural feminine; Function: modifies urbes; Translation: great; Notes: Indicates size.
  8. atque — Lemma: atque; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: connects adjectives; Translation: and; Notes: Stronger connective than et.
  9. muratas — Lemma: muro; Part of Speech: participle; Form: perfect passive participle accusative plural feminine; Function: modifies urbes; Translation: walled; Notes: Indicates fortification.
  10. Stirpem — Lemma: stirps; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular feminine third declension; Function: direct object; Translation: offspring; Notes: Refers to lineage.
  11. Enac — Lemma: Enac; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: genitive singular indeclinable; Function: dependent genitive; Translation: of Enac; Notes: Identifies ancestry.
  12. vidimus — Lemma: video; Part of Speech: verb; Form: perfect active indicative first person plural; Function: main verb; Translation: we saw; Notes: Eyewitness report.
  13. ibi — Lemma: ibi; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: modifies verb; Translation: there; Notes: Specifies location.

 

Numeri 13:29 (Numbers 13:29) = Numeri 13:28 (Numbers 13:28)

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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