Leviticus 11:40

Posted on April 11, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 11:40 et qui comederit ex eo quippiam, sive portaverit; lavabit vestimenta sua, et immundus erit usque ad vesperum.

and whoever has eaten anything from it, or has carried it; shall wash his garments, and shall be unclean until the evening.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 et and CONJ
2 qui whoever REL.NOM.SG.M
3 comederit has eaten 3SG.PERF.ACT.SUBJ
4 ex from PREP+ABL
5 eo it ABL.SG.N
6 quippiam anything ACC.SG.N.INDEF
7 sive or CONJ
8 portaverit has carried 3SG.PERF.ACT.SUBJ
9 lavabit will wash 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND
10 vestimenta garments ACC.PL.N
11 sua his own ACC.PL.N.POSS
12 et and CONJ
13 immundus unclean NOM.SG.M
14 erit will be 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND
15 usque until PREP+ACC
16 ad to PREP+ACC
17 vesperum evening ACC.SG.M

Syntax

Coordinator: et — links this rule to the preceding case
Relative Legal Subject: qui — any person meeting the condition
Alternative Conditions: comederit ex eo quippiam sive portaverit — eating from it or carrying it
Required Action: lavabit vestimenta sua — mandated cleansing
Resulting Status: immundus erit — impurity incurred
Temporal Limit: usque ad vesperum — duration of impurity

Morphology

  1. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: Continues the legal sequence.
  2. qui — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative masculine singular; Function: subject; Translation: whoever; Notes: General human subject.
  3. comederit — Lemma: comedo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular perfect active subjunctive; Function: verb of general condition; Translation: has eaten; Notes: Covers any act of consumption.
  4. ex — Lemma: ex; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: source; Translation: from; Notes: Indicates origin of what is eaten.
  5. eo — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: demonstrative pronoun; Form: ablative neuter singular; Function: object of ex; Translation: it; Notes: Refers to the carcass.
  6. quippiam — Lemma: quippiam; Part of Speech: indefinite pronoun; Form: accusative neuter singular; Function: direct object; Translation: anything; Notes: Non specific portion.
  7. sive — Lemma: sive; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: alternative; Translation: or; Notes: Introduces an alternative condition.
  8. portaverit — Lemma: porto; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular perfect active subjunctive; Function: verb of alternative condition; Translation: has carried; Notes: Physical handling without eating.
  9. lavabit — Lemma: lavo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future active indicative; Function: mandated action; Translation: will wash; Notes: Required purification step.
  10. vestimenta — Lemma: vestimentum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative neuter plural; Function: direct object; Translation: garments; Notes: Clothing exposed to impurity.
  11. sua — Lemma: suus; Part of Speech: possessive adjective; Form: accusative neuter plural; Function: modifier of vestimenta; Translation: his own; Notes: Refers back to the subject.
  12. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: Adds the resulting state.
  13. immundus — Lemma: immundus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative masculine singular; Function: predicate adjective; Translation: unclean; Notes: Ritual status incurred.
  14. erit — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future active indicative; Function: copula; Translation: will be; Notes: States binding outcome.
  15. usque — Lemma: usque; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative with ad; Function: temporal limit; Translation: until; Notes: Specifies duration.
  16. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: temporal direction; Translation: to; Notes: Completes the time phrase.
  17. vesperum — Lemma: vesper; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative masculine singular; Function: object of ad; Translation: evening; Notes: Standard terminus of impurity.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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