Leviticus 13:3

Posted on April 13, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 13:3 Qui cum viderit lepram in cute, et pilos in album mutatos colorem. ipsamque speciem lepræ humiliorem cute et carne reliqua; plaga lepræ est, et ad arbitrium eius separabitur.

When he has seen the leprosy in the skin, and the hairs changed into a white color, and the appearance itself of the leprosy lower than the remaining skin and flesh; it is a plague of leprosy, and by his judgment he shall be set apart.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Qui who NOM.SG.M REL.PRON
2 cum when CONJ
3 viderit has seen 3SG.PERF.SUBJ.ACT
4 lepram leprosy ACC.SG.F
5 in in PREP+ABL
6 cute skin ABL.SG.F
7 et and CONJ
8 pilos hairs ACC.PL.M
9 in into PREP+ACC
10 album white ACC.SG.N ADJ.POS
11 mutatos changed ACC.PL.M PTCP.PERF.PASS
12 colorem color ACC.SG.M
13 ipsamque and the very ACC.SG.F DEM.PRON+CONJ
14 speciem appearance ACC.SG.F
15 lepræ of leprosy GEN.SG.F
16 humiliorem lower ACC.SG.F ADJ.CMPR
17 cute skin ABL.SG.F
18 et and CONJ
19 carne flesh ABL.SG.F
20 reliqua remaining ABL.SG.F ADJ.POS
21 plaga plague NOM.SG.F
22 lepræ of leprosy GEN.SG.F
23 est is 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
24 et and CONJ
25 ad according to PREP+ACC
26 arbitrium judgment ACC.SG.N
27 eius his GEN.SG.M POSS.PRON
28 separabitur he shall be set apart 3SG.FUT.PASS.IND

Syntax

Relative-Temporal Clause: Qui cum viderit introduces the conditional situation based on priestly observation.
Objects of Inspection: lepram with the locative phrase in cute and the coordinated description pilos in album mutatos colorem.
Comparative Phrase: speciem lepræ humiliorem cute et carne reliqua expresses visible depression relative to healthy tissue.
Main Clause: plaga lepræ est provides the legal diagnosis.
Result Clause: separabitur with ad arbitrium eius assigns authoritative judgment.

Morphology

  1. Qui — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject of clause; Translation: who; Notes: Refers to the examining priest.
  2. cum — Lemma: cum; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: temporal; Function: introduces circumstance; Translation: when; Notes: Governs a subjunctive verb.
  3. viderit — Lemma: video; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular perfect subjunctive active; Function: verb of inspection; Translation: has seen; Notes: Used in temporal cum clause.
  4. lepram — Lemma: lepra; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: direct object; Translation: leprosy; Notes: Ritual skin disease.
  5. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing ablative; Function: marks location; Translation: in; Notes: Indicates bodily site.
  6. cute — Lemma: cutis; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: object of preposition; Translation: skin; Notes: External surface.
  7. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordinates elements; Translation: and; Notes: Links observations.
  8. pilos — Lemma: pilus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural masculine; Function: object of viderit; Translation: hairs; Notes: Diagnostic feature.
  9. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing accusative; Function: indicates change; Translation: into; Notes: Marks resulting state.
  10. album — Lemma: albus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: accusative singular neuter positive; Function: complements mutatos; Translation: white; Notes: Sign of severity.
  11. mutatos — Lemma: muto; Part of Speech: participle; Form: accusative plural masculine perfect passive; Function: modifies pilos; Translation: changed; Notes: Indicates transformation.
  12. colorem — Lemma: color; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: object of change; Translation: color; Notes: Specifies result.
  13. ipsamque — Lemma: ipse; Part of Speech: demonstrative pronoun; Form: accusative singular feminine with enclitic conjunction; Function: intensifies speciem; Translation: and the very; Notes: Emphasizes appearance.
  14. speciem — Lemma: species; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: object of inspection; Translation: appearance; Notes: Visual criterion.
  15. lepræ — Lemma: lepra; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular feminine; Function: specifies species; Translation: of leprosy; Notes: Limits the noun.
  16. humiliorem — Lemma: humilis; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: accusative singular feminine comparative; Function: modifies speciem; Translation: lower; Notes: Indicates depression.
  17. cute — Lemma: cutis; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: object of comparison; Translation: skin; Notes: Standard of comparison.
  18. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: joins terms; Translation: and; Notes: Coordinates tissues.
  19. carne — Lemma: caro; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: object of comparison; Translation: flesh; Notes: Inner tissue.
  20. reliqua — Lemma: reliquus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: ablative singular feminine positive; Function: modifies carne; Translation: remaining; Notes: Refers to unaffected tissue.
  21. plaga — Lemma: plaga; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular feminine; Function: predicate nominative; Translation: plague; Notes: Legal diagnosis.
  22. lepræ — Lemma: lepra; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular feminine; Function: specifies plague; Translation: of leprosy; Notes: Ritual category.
  23. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular present indicative active; Function: copula; Translation: is; Notes: Links diagnosis.
  24. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: links result; Translation: and; Notes: Continues ruling.
  25. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing accusative; Function: expresses standard; Translation: according to; Notes: Indicates authority.
  26. arbitrium — Lemma: arbitrium; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: object of ad; Translation: judgment; Notes: Priestly decision.
  27. eius — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: possessive pronoun; Form: genitive singular masculine; Function: modifies arbitrium; Translation: his; Notes: Refers to the priest.
  28. separabitur — Lemma: separo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future passive indicative; Function: main verb; Translation: he shall be set apart; Notes: Implies ritual exclusion.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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