Leviticus 13:40

Posted on April 13, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 13:40 Vir, de cuius capite capilli fluunt, calvus et mundus est:

A man, from whose head the hairs fall, is bald and clean;

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Vir man NOM.SG.M
2 de from PREP+ABL
3 cuius of whom GEN.SG REL.PRON
4 capite head ABL.SG.N
5 capilli hairs NOM.PL.M
6 fluunt flow fall 3PL.PRES.ACT.IND
7 calvus bald NOM.SG.M ADJ.POS
8 et and CONJ
9 mundus clean NOM.SG.M ADJ.POS
10 est is 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND

Syntax

Main Subject: Vir introduces the individual under consideration.
Relative Description: de cuius capite capilli fluunt defines the man by a physical condition expressed with a relative pronoun and present indicative.
Predicate Assessment: calvus et mundus est states both physical status and ritual purity joined by coordination.

Morphology

  1. Vir — Lemma: vir; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject; Translation: man; Notes: The person evaluated.
  2. de — Lemma: de; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing ablative; Function: marks source; Translation: from; Notes: Introduces origin or source.
  3. cuius — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: genitive singular; Function: modifies capite; Translation: of whom; Notes: Links the condition to the man.
  4. capite — Lemma: caput; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular neuter; Function: object of de; Translation: head; Notes: Physical location.
  5. capilli — Lemma: capillus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative plural masculine; Function: subject of the relative clause; Translation: hairs; Notes: Refers to head hair.
  6. fluunt — Lemma: fluo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person plural present indicative active; Function: verb of the relative clause; Translation: fall; Notes: Describes hair loss without pathological implication.
  7. calvus — Lemma: calvus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative singular masculine positive; Function: predicate adjective; Translation: bald; Notes: States physical condition.
  8. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: joins predicates; Translation: and; Notes: Coordinates two assessments.
  9. mundus — Lemma: mundus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative singular masculine positive; Function: predicate adjective; Translation: clean; Notes: Declares ritual purity.
  10. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular present indicative active; Function: copula; Translation: is; Notes: Completes the declaration.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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