Leviticus 17:2

Posted on April 17, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 17:2 Loquere Aaron et filiis eius, et cunctis filiis Israel, dicens ad eos: Iste est sermo quem mandavit Dominus, dicens:

“Speak to Aaron and to his sons, and to all the sons of Israel, saying to them: ‘This is the word which the LORD has commanded, saying:

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Loquere speak 2SG.PRES.IMP.DEP
2 Aaron Aaron DAT.SG.M.INDECL
3 et and CONJ
4 filiis sons DAT.PL.M
5 eius his GEN.SG.M.PRON.POSS
6 et and CONJ
7 cunctis all DAT.PL.M
8 filiis sons DAT.PL.M
9 Israel Israel INDECL.NOUN
10 dicens saying PTCP.PRES.ACT.NOM.SG.M
11 ad to PREP+ACC
12 eos them ACC.PL.M.PRON.PERS
13 Iste this NOM.SG.M.DEM
14 est is 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
15 sermo word NOM.SG.M
16 quem which ACC.SG.M.REL
17 mandavit commanded 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
18 Dominus LORD NOM.SG.M
19 dicens saying PTCP.PRES.ACT.NOM.SG.M

Syntax

Imperative Command: Loquere — deponent imperative initiating speech
Indirect Objects: Aaron, filiis eius, cunctis filiis Israel — recipients addressed
Participial Frame: dicens ad eos — introduces reported speech
Copular Clause: Iste est sermo — identifies the content
Relative Clause: quem mandavit Dominus — grounds authority in the LORD’s command
Participial Closure: dicens — signals imminent direct quotation

Morphology

  1. Loquere — Lemma: loquor; Part of Speech: verb; Form: second person singular present imperative deponent; Function: main command; Translation: speak; Notes: Deponent with active meaning.
  2. Aaron — Lemma: Aaron; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: dative masculine singular, indeclinable; Function: indirect object; Translation: Aaron; Notes: High priest addressed.
  3. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: Joins addressees.
  4. filiis — Lemma: filius; Part of Speech: noun; Form: dative masculine plural, second declension; Function: indirect object; Translation: sons; Notes: Priestly descendants.
  5. eius — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: possessive pronoun; Form: genitive masculine singular; Function: modifies filiis; Translation: his; Notes: Refers to Aaron.
  6. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: Extends audience.
  7. cunctis — Lemma: cunctus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: dative masculine plural; Function: modifies filiis; Translation: all; Notes: Emphasizes totality.
  8. filiis — Lemma: filius; Part of Speech: noun; Form: dative masculine plural, second declension; Function: indirect object; Translation: sons; Notes: The people addressed.
  9. Israel — Lemma: Israel; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: indeclinable; Function: genitive in sense; Translation: Israel; Notes: Covenant nation.
  10. dicens — Lemma: dico; Part of Speech: participle; Form: present active participle nominative masculine singular; Function: circumstantial participle; Translation: saying; Notes: Introduces speech content.
  11. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing accusative; Function: direction toward; Translation: to; Notes: Marks addressees.
  12. eos — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: personal pronoun; Form: accusative masculine plural; Function: object of ad; Translation: them; Notes: Refers to the assembled audience.
  13. Iste — Lemma: iste; Part of Speech: demonstrative pronoun; Form: nominative masculine singular; Function: subject; Translation: this; Notes: Points to the authoritative message.
  14. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular present indicative active; Function: copula; Translation: is; Notes: Links subject and predicate.
  15. sermo — Lemma: sermo; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative masculine singular, third declension; Function: predicate nominative; Translation: word; Notes: Authoritative declaration.
  16. quem — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: accusative masculine singular; Function: object of mandavit; Translation: which; Notes: Refers back to sermo.
  17. mandavit — Lemma: mando; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular perfect indicative active; Function: verb of relative clause; Translation: commanded; Notes: Expresses divine authority.
  18. Dominus — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative masculine singular, second declension; Function: subject; Translation: LORD; Notes: Refers to YHWH.
  19. dicens — Lemma: dico; Part of Speech: participle; Form: present active participle nominative masculine singular; Function: narrative introducer; Translation: saying; Notes: Signals direct speech to follow.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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