Leviticus 18:11

Posted on April 18, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 18:11 Turpitudinem filiæ uxoris patris tui, quam peperit patri tuo, et est soror tua, non revelabis.

The nakedness of the daughter of your father’s wife, whom she bore to your father, and who is your sister, you shall not uncover.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Turpitudinem nakedness ACC.SG.F
2 filiæ of-daughter GEN.SG.F
3 uxoris of-wife GEN.SG.F
4 patris of-father GEN.SG.M
5 tui your GEN.SG.M.PRON.POSS
6 quam whom ACC.SG.F.REL
7 peperit she-bore 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
8 patri to-father DAT.SG.M
9 tuo your DAT.SG.M.PRON.POSS
10 et and CONJ
11 est is 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
12 soror sister NOM.SG.F
13 tua your NOM.SG.F.PRON.POSS
14 non not ADV
15 revelabis you-shall-uncover 2SG.FUT.ACT.IND

Syntax

Primary Prohibition: non revelabis — legal future expressing absolute prohibition
Direct Object: turpitudinem filiæ uxoris patris tui — forbidden sexual exposure defined by marital lineage
Relative Clause: quam peperit patri tuo — biological specification of descent
Explanatory Clause: et est soror tua — clarifies sibling relationship, grounding the prohibition

Morphology

  1. Turpitudinem — Lemma: turpitudo; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative feminine singular, third declension; Function: direct object; Translation: nakedness; Notes: Legal euphemism for prohibited sexual exposure.
  2. filiæ — Lemma: filia; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive feminine singular, first declension; Function: dependent genitive; Translation: of daughter; Notes: Introduces the descendant relationship.
  3. uxoris — Lemma: uxor; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive feminine singular, third declension; Function: dependent genitive; Translation: of wife; Notes: Specifies marital connection.
  4. patris — Lemma: pater; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive masculine singular, third declension; Function: genitive of relation; Translation: of father; Notes: Identifies paternal authority.
  5. tui — Lemma: tuus; Part of Speech: possessive pronoun; Form: genitive masculine singular; Function: modifies patris; Translation: your; Notes: Direct address to the hearer.
  6. quam — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: accusative feminine singular; Function: object of peperit; Translation: whom; Notes: Refers to the daughter.
  7. peperit — Lemma: pario; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular perfect indicative active; Function: verb of the relative clause; Translation: she bore; Notes: Indicates biological parentage.
  8. patri — Lemma: pater; Part of Speech: noun; Form: dative masculine singular, third declension; Function: indirect object; Translation: to father; Notes: Recipient of the birth relation.
  9. tuo — Lemma: tuus; Part of Speech: possessive pronoun; Form: dative masculine singular; Function: modifies patri; Translation: your; Notes: Maintains second-person address.
  10. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: Links explanatory clauses.
  11. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular present indicative active; Function: copula; Translation: is; Notes: States factual identity.
  12. soror — Lemma: soror; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative feminine singular, third declension; Function: predicate nominative; Translation: sister; Notes: Confirms sibling relationship.
  13. tua — Lemma: tuus; Part of Speech: possessive pronoun; Form: nominative feminine singular; Function: modifies soror; Translation: your; Notes: Emphasizes direct kinship.
  14. non — Lemma: non; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: negation; Translation: not; Notes: Absolute legal negation.
  15. revelabis — Lemma: revelo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: second person singular future indicative active; Function: main predicate; Translation: you shall uncover; Notes: Legal future with imperative force.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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