Leviticus 18:10

Posted on April 18, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 18:10 Turpitudinem filiæ filii tui vel neptis ex filia non revelabis: quia turpitudo tua est.

The nakedness of your son’s daughter or of your daughter’s daughter you shall not uncover; for it is your own nakedness.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Turpitudinem nakedness ACC.SG.F
2 filiæ of-daughter GEN.SG.F
3 filii of-son GEN.SG.M
4 tui your GEN.SG.M.PRON.POSS
5 vel or CONJ
6 neptis granddaughter GEN.SG.F
7 ex from PREP+ABL
8 filia daughter ABL.SG.F
9 non not ADV
10 revelabis you-shall-uncover 2SG.FUT.ACT.IND
11 quia for CONJ
12 turpitudo nakedness NOM.SG.F
13 tua your-own NOM.SG.F.PRON.POSS
14 est is 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND

Syntax

Primary Prohibition: non revelabis — legal future expressing absolute prohibition
Direct Object: turpitudinem filiæ filii tui + neptis ex filia — descendants in both paternal and maternal lines
Causal Clause: quia turpitudo tua est — rationale grounding the offense as self-violation

Morphology

  1. Turpitudinem — Lemma: turpitudo; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative feminine singular, third declension; Function: direct object; Translation: nakedness; Notes: Legal euphemism for prohibited sexual exposure.
  2. filiæ — Lemma: filia; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive feminine singular, first declension; Function: dependent genitive; Translation: of daughter; Notes: Introduces the descendant relationship.
  3. filii — Lemma: filius; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive masculine singular, second declension; Function: genitive of relation; Translation: of son; Notes: Specifies paternal line.
  4. tui — Lemma: tuus; Part of Speech: possessive pronoun; Form: genitive masculine singular; Function: modifies filii; Translation: your; Notes: Direct address to the hearer.
  5. vel — Lemma: vel; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: alternative; Translation: or; Notes: Presents an equivalent second case.
  6. neptis — Lemma: neptis; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive feminine singular, third declension; Function: dependent genitive; Translation: granddaughter; Notes: Descendant through the daughter.
  7. ex — Lemma: ex; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing ablative; Function: source; Translation: from; Notes: Specifies maternal line.
  8. filia — Lemma: filia; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative feminine singular, first declension; Function: object of ex; Translation: daughter; Notes: Maternal descent.
  9. non — Lemma: non; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: negation; Translation: not; Notes: Absolute legal prohibition.
  10. revelabis — Lemma: revelo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: second person singular future indicative active; Function: main predicate; Translation: you shall uncover; Notes: Legal future with imperative force.
  11. quia — Lemma: quia; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: causal connector; Translation: for; Notes: Introduces the reason clause.
  12. turpitudo — Lemma: turpitudo; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative feminine singular, third declension; Function: subject; Translation: nakedness; Notes: Identifies the act as self-related.
  13. tua — Lemma: tuus; Part of Speech: possessive pronoun; Form: nominative feminine singular; Function: modifies turpitudo; Translation: your own; Notes: Emphasizes personal violation.
  14. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular present indicative active; Function: copula; Translation: is; Notes: States the rationale as a factual identity.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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