Leviticus 27:30

Posted on April 27, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 27:30 Omnes decimæ terræ, sive de frugibus, sive de pomis arborum, Domini sunt, et illi sanctificantur.

All the tithes of the land, whether of the crops, or of the fruits of the trees, are the LORD’s, and they are sanctified to Him.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Omnes all ADJ.NOM.PL.F
2 decimæ tithes NOUN.NOM.PL.F
3 terræ of land NOUN.GEN.SG.F
4 sive whether CONJ
5 de of PREP+ABL
6 frugibus crops NOUN.ABL.PL.F
7 sive or CONJ
8 de of PREP+ABL
9 pomis fruits NOUN.ABL.PL.N
10 arborum of trees NOUN.GEN.PL.F
11 Domini of the LORD NOUN.GEN.SG.M
12 sunt are 3PL.PRES.ACT.IND
13 et and CONJ
14 illi they PRON.DEM.NOM.PL.M
15 sanctificantur are sanctified 3PL.PRES.PASS.IND

Syntax

Main Subject: Omnes decimæ terræ — nominative plural with dependent genitive specifying source.

Specification Phrases: sive de frugibus sive de pomis arborum — two coordinated prepositional phrases identifying types of produce included.

Predicate: Domini sunt — genitive of possession with copulative verb.

Coordinated Clause: et illi sanctificantur — demonstrative pronoun referring back to the tithes; passive verb expressing their sacred status.

Morphology

  1. Omnes — Lemma: omnis; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative plural feminine third declension; Function: modifies decimæ; Translation: all; Notes: indicates comprehensive inclusion.
  2. decimæ — Lemma: decima; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative plural feminine first declension; Function: subject; Translation: tithes; Notes: refers to tenth portions owed.
  3. terræ — Lemma: terra; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular feminine first declension; Function: dependent genitive; Translation: of land; Notes: indicates origin of produce.
  4. sive — Lemma: sive; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: introduces alternative; Translation: whether; Notes: repeated for distributive emphasis.
  5. de — Lemma: de; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing ablative; Function: introduces source; Translation: of; Notes: expresses origin from produce.
  6. frugibus — Lemma: frux; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural feminine third declension; Function: object of de; Translation: crops; Notes: grain or agricultural produce.
  7. sive — Lemma: sive; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: second alternative; Translation: or; Notes: balances first sive.
  8. de — Lemma: de; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing ablative; Function: introduces second source; Translation: of; Notes: again marks origin.
  9. pomis — Lemma: pomum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural neuter second declension; Function: object of de; Translation: fruits; Notes: orchard produce.
  10. arborum — Lemma: arbor; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive plural feminine third declension; Function: dependent genitive modifying pomis; Translation: of trees; Notes: specifies fruit-bearing trees.
  11. Domini — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular masculine second declension; Function: genitive of possession; Translation: of the LORD; Notes: denotes ownership by YHWH.
  12. sunt — Lemma: esse; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person plural present active indicative; Function: copulative verb; Translation: are; Notes: states present reality of ownership.
  13. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: coordinates clause; Translation: and; Notes: adds theological consequence.
  14. illi — Lemma: ille; Part of Speech: demonstrative pronoun; Form: nominative plural masculine; Function: subject of sanctificantur; Translation: they; Notes: refers back to tithes.
  15. sanctificantur — Lemma: sanctificare; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person plural present passive indicative first conjugation; Function: predicate verb; Translation: are sanctified; Notes: passive stresses their sacred designation.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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