Leviticus 27:34

Posted on April 27, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 27:34 Hæc sunt præcepta, quæ mandavit Dominus Moysi ad filios Israel in monte Sinai.

These are the commandments, which the LORD commanded to Moyses for the sons of Israel on Mount Sinai.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Hæc these PRON.DEM.NOM.PL.N
2 sunt are 3PL.PRES.ACT.IND
3 præcepta commandments NOUN.NOM.PL.N
4 quæ which PRON.REL.ACC.PL.N
5 mandavit commanded 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
6 Dominus the LORD NOUN.NOM.SG.M
7 Moysi to Moses NOUN.DAT.SG.M
8 ad to PREP+ACC
9 filios sons NOUN.ACC.PL.M
10 Israel Israel NOUN.INDECL
11 in on PREP+ABL
12 monte mount NOUN.ABL.SG.M
13 Sinai Sinai NOUN.INDECL

Syntax

Main Clause: Hæc sunt præcepta — demonstrative pronoun as predicate subject; sunt copulative verb; præcepta predicate nominative.

Relative Clause: quæ mandavit Dominus Moysi — quæ as direct object of mandavit; Dominus subject; Moysi indirect object.

Prepositional Phrase: ad filios Israel — expresses direction or intended recipients of the commandments.

Locative Phrase: in monte Sinai — ablative of place where, indicating the setting of revelation.

Morphology

  1. Hæc — Lemma: hic; Part of Speech: demonstrative pronoun; Form: nominative plural neuter; Function: predicate subject; Translation: these; Notes: refers to the entire body of legislation.
  2. sunt — Lemma: esse; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person plural present active indicative; Function: copulative verb; Translation: are; Notes: identifies the commandments.
  3. præcepta — Lemma: præceptum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative plural neuter second declension; Function: predicate nominative; Translation: commandments; Notes: divine instructions.
  4. quæ — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: accusative plural neuter; Function: direct object of mandavit; Translation: which; Notes: refers back to præcepta.
  5. mandavit — Lemma: mandare; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular perfect active indicative first conjugation; Function: verb of relative clause; Translation: commanded; Notes: completed act of giving law.
  6. Dominus — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine second declension; Function: subject of mandavit; Translation: the LORD; Notes: refers to YHWH as lawgiver.
  7. Moysi — Lemma: Moyses; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: dative singular masculine third declension; Function: indirect object; Translation: to Moses; Notes: mediator of the covenant.
  8. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing accusative; Function: expresses direction; Translation: to; Notes: marks intended recipients.
  9. filios — Lemma: filius; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural masculine second declension; Function: object of ad; Translation: sons; Notes: covenant community.
  10. Israel — Lemma: Israel; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: indeclinable; Function: dependent identifier; Translation: Israel; Notes: specifies the nation.
  11. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing ablative; Function: locative marker; Translation: on; Notes: indicates place of revelation.
  12. monte — Lemma: mons; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular masculine third declension; Function: object of in; Translation: mount; Notes: sacred mountain setting.
  13. Sinai — Lemma: Sinai; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: indeclinable; Function: appositional identifier; Translation: Sinai; Notes: site of covenantal legislation.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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