Numeri 9:10 (Numbers 9:10)

Posted on May 6, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Nm 9:10 Loquere filiis Israel: Homo qui fuerit immundus super anima, sive in via procul in gente vestra, faciat Phase Domino

“Speak to the sons of Israel: ‘A man who shall have been unclean by reason of a soul, or on a distant journey among your people, shall perform the Phase to the LORD.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Loquere speak 2SG.PRES.DEP.IMP.MOOD
2 filiis to sons DAT.PL.M
3 Israel Israel INDECL
4 Homo man NOM.SG.M
5 qui who NOM.SG.M.REL
6 fuerit shall have been 3SG.FUTP.ACT.SUBJ
7 immundus unclean NOM.SG.M
8 super because of PREP+ACC
9 anima soul ACC.SG.F
10 sive or CONJ
11 in on PREP+ABL
12 via journey ABL.SG.F
13 procul far ADV
14 in among PREP+ABL
15 gente people ABL.SG.F
16 vestra your ABL.SG.F.POSS
17 faciat let him do 3SG.PRES.ACT.SUBJ
18 Phase Passover ACC.SG.N.INDECL
19 Domino to the LORD DAT.SG.M

Syntax

Main Clause: Loquere filiis Israel — imperative command with filiis Israel as indirect object.

Relative Clause: Homo qui fuerit immundus super anima — describes the condition of the subject, with fuerit forming a future perfect sense.

Alternative Condition: sive in via procul in gente vestra — presents an alternative circumstance using sive.

Main Clause 2: faciat Phase Domino — jussive subjunctive expressing command, with Phase as object and Domino as indirect object.

Morphology

  1. Loquere — Lemma: loquor; Part of Speech: deponent verb; Form: second person singular present imperative; Function: command; Translation: speak; Notes: Deponent verb with active meaning in imperative form.
  2. filiis — Lemma: filius; Part of Speech: noun; Form: dative plural masculine; Function: indirect object; Translation: to sons; Notes: Indicates audience.
  3. Israel — Lemma: Israel; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: indeclinable; Function: dependent genitive; Translation: Israel; Notes: Specifies identity.
  4. Homo — Lemma: homo; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject; Translation: man; Notes: General case reference.
  5. qui — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject of relative clause; Translation: who; Notes: Introduces condition.
  6. fuerit — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future perfect subjunctive; Function: verb of relative clause; Translation: shall have been; Notes: Indicates future completed state.
  7. immundus — Lemma: immundus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: predicate; Translation: unclean; Notes: Ritual impurity.
  8. super — Lemma: super; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: introduces cause; Translation: because of; Notes: Indicates reason.
  9. anima — Lemma: anima; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: object of super; Translation: soul; Notes: Refers to dead person.
  10. sive — Lemma: sive; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: introduces alternative; Translation: or; Notes: Offers second condition.
  11. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: introduces location; Translation: on; Notes: Indicates circumstance.
  12. via — Lemma: via; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: object of in; Translation: journey; Notes: Travel condition.
  13. procul — Lemma: procul; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: modifies via; Translation: far; Notes: Indicates distance.
  14. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: introduces context; Translation: among; Notes: Indicates community setting.
  15. gente — Lemma: gens; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: object of in; Translation: people; Notes: Refers to nation.
  16. vestra — Lemma: vester; Part of Speech: possessive adjective; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: modifies gente; Translation: your; Notes: Refers to Israelite community.
  17. faciat — Lemma: facio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular present active subjunctive; Function: jussive verb; Translation: let him do; Notes: Expresses instruction.
  18. Phase — Lemma: Phase; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular neuter indeclinable; Function: direct object; Translation: Pesaḥ; Notes: Passover observance.
  19. Domino — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: dative singular masculine; Function: indirect object; Translation: to the LORD; Notes: Refers to YHWH.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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